<p>Employers must provide their employees with a safe and healthy work environment by law. It means identifying and addressing any potential hazards in the workplace, as well as providing proper training and protective equipment.</p>
<p>Employees can report unsafe working conditions to their employer or government agencies such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Employers who fail to address these conditions can face fines, lawsuits, and other legal consequences.</p>
<h2><strong>Unsafe Acts vs. Unsafe Conditions: What&#8217;s the Difference?</strong></h2>
<p>Unsafe acts are actions taken by employees that violate <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-safety/">workplace safet</a>y procedures, such as failing to wear personal protective equipment or misusing equipment. On the other hand, unsafe conditions are <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-hazards/">workplace hazards</a> that can cause harm or injury, such as faulty wiring or slippery floors.</p>
<p>While both unsafe acts and unsafe conditions can lead to accidents and injuries, they require different approaches to address them. Unsafe acts can be corrected through training and education, while <a href="https://www.krasnolaw.com/blog/unsafe-working-conditions">dangerous conditions</a> require physical changes to the workplace environment.</p>
<h2><strong>Types of Unsafe Conditions</strong></h2>
<p>Unsafe conditions can take <a href="http://www.cwu.edu/ehs/report-hazardous-condition-or-near-miss-0">many forms</a> and pose a significant risk to individuals in various settings. Some of the most common types of hazardous conditions include:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Physical hazards</strong> &#8211; These can cause harm to individuals due to their physical environments, such as slippery floors, exposed electrical wiring, or broken stairs.</li>
<li><strong>Biological hazards</strong> &#8211; Living organisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi cause these. Examples of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-hazards/types-of-biological-hazards/">biological hazards</a> include mold, foodborne illnesses, and insect infestations.</li>
<li><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/chemical-hazards/"><strong>Chemical hazards</strong></a> &#8211; These are caused by exposure to toxic or harmful chemicals, such as cleaning products, pesticides, or industrial chemicals.</li>
<li><strong>Ergonomic hazards</strong> &#8211; Occurs due to poorly designed workplaces or inappropriately adjusted equipment. <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/ergonomics-safety/">Ergonomic</a> hazards include repetitive motion injuries, poor posture, and awkward workstations.</li>
<li><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-hazards/psychosocial-hazards/"><strong>Psychosocial hazards</strong></a> &#8211; Related to workplace stress, interpersonal conflict, or other psychological factors. Examples of psychosocial risks include workplace bullying, harassment, and discrimination.</li>
</ul>
<h2><strong>Causes</strong></h2>
<p>There are many causes of unsafe conditions. Some of the most common include:</p>
<h3><strong>Human Error</strong></h3>
<p>It refers to mistakes individuals make while performing their duties, leading to accidents, injuries, and even fatalities. <a href="https://greenwgroup.co.in/unsafe-acts-conditions/">Human error</a> can be caused by various factors such as fatigue, stress, lack of training, distraction, complacency, and inexperience.</p>
<h3><strong>Poor Maintenance and Defective Equipment</strong></h3>
<p>When equipment is not maintained correctly, it can malfunction or break down, causing severe accidents and injuries. It&#8217;s especially true in industries that rely heavily on machinery and equipment, such as manufacturing, construction, and transportation.</p>
<h3><strong>Lack of Adequate Protective Equipment and Safety Guards</strong></h3>
<p>Workers in hazardous environments, such as construction sites, factories, or laboratories, require appropriate <a href="https://www.osha.gov/workers">safety equipment</a> and guards to avoid potential injuries. Employers are responsible for providing them with necessary gear, including helmets, goggles, gloves, and safety shoes. Additionally, safety guards must be installed on machines to prevent <a href="https://www.oshaoutreachcourses.com/blog/insights-workplace-injuries/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">workplace injuries</a>.</p>
<h3><strong>Hazardous Materials</strong></h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/hazardous-substances/">Hazardous substances</a> can be in the form of chemicals, gases, liquids, or solids. They can cause harm to employees if not handled properly, such as burns, respiratory problems, or even death. They can also cause environmental damage, such as air, water, or soil pollution.</p>
<h2><strong>Impacts on the Workplace</strong></h2>
<p>There are several impacts of unsafe conditions in the workplace. These include:</p>
<h3><strong>Physical Injury to Workers</strong></h3>
<p>Safety measures can help prevent workplace accidents. Unfortunately, when employers fail to provide a safe working environment, workers are at risk of serious injuries that can change their lives forever.</p>
<h3><strong>Damage to Property and Equipment</strong></h3>
<p>Unsafe workplace conditions can damage property and equipment, hurting a company&#8217;s profits. For instance, untrained employees may damage machinery or equipment, leading to costly repairs. Poor workplace maintenance, such as faulty electrical wiring or leaky pipes, can damage the property, requiring even more expensive repairs.</p>
<h3><strong>Decreased Morale and Productivity Among Employees</strong></h3>
<p>Employees who feel unsafe will likely become anxious and stressed, decreasing motivation and productivity. They may also feel undervalued or unappreciated, reducing their morale and job satisfaction.</p>
<h3><strong>Higher Insurance Premiums Due to Increased Incidents of Claims</strong></h3>
<p>Insurance companies calculate insurance premiums based on the risk associated with the business. If a business has a high number of accidents and incidents, it&#8217;s considered a high-risk business, and as a result, the insurance premiums will be higher.</p>
<h3><strong>Other Hazards Leading to Accidents</strong></h3>
<p>While many people may think of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/slips-trips-and-falls/">slips, trips, and falls</a> as the primary hazards in the workplace, many other risks can lead to accidents and injuries. These can include exposure to harmful chemicals, electrical hazards, and even ergonomic hazards that can cause repetitive stress injuries over time.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Improve your EHS Management&#8221; body=&#8221;Cultivate a safe working environment and streamline compliance with our EHS solutions.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Explore now&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://safetyculture.com/health-and-safety/?utm_source=seo&amp;utm_medium=topics&amp;utm_campaign=ehs&amp;utm_content=cta-panel&#8221;]</p>
<h2><strong>Prevention Strategies</strong></h2>
<p>Prevention strategies are necessary for avoiding or reducing unsafe environmental conditions. They&#8217;re created to recognize possible dangers and establish actions to prevent accidents or injuries. Some examples of these strategies are as follows:</p>
<h3><strong>Safety Training Programs</strong></h3>
<p>These programs provide employees with the necessary knowledge and skills to identify hazards and prevent accidents from occurring. A comprehensive training program should cover fire safety, emergency response, handling hazardous materials, and proper use of equipment.</p>
<h3><strong>Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)</strong></h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/ppe-safety/ppe-requirements/">PPE</a> is essential for maintaining safety in any hazardous work environment. Among them are hard hats, safety glasses, gloves, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/ppe-safety/hearing-protection/">hearing protection</a>, and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/ppe-safety/face-masks/#types-of-face-masks-1">respirators</a>, all designed to protect workers from potential harm and injury.</p>
<p>The employer is responsible for providing and ensuring that employees use PPE correctly.</p>
<h3><strong>Regular Maintenance Checks on Machinery and Electrical Systems</strong></h3>
<p>Machinery and electrical systems that are not adequately maintained can malfunction, resulting in accidents and injuries to workers. Regular maintenance checks on all machinery and electrical systems are essential to ensure workplace safety. It includes inspecting all equipment for wear and tear, checking electrical systems for loose wires or damaged components, and replacing damaged or worn parts.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create Your Own Maintenance Checklist&#8221;]</p>


How to Identify Unsafe Work Conditions

safety officer trains new employees about unsafe conditions at work

Safety

Safety Management

Unsafe Condition

<p>Even though this guide specifically covers workplace safety laws in the United States (OSH Act) and the United Kingdom (HSW Act), no matter where your organization is based, it&#8217;s important to understand today&#8217;s general workplace safety standards to inform how you can best safeguard your lone workers.</p>
<p>In this article, we&#8217;ll examine employers&#8217; general duties to employee safety, regulations that specifically aim to protect lone workers, and a variety of tools to ensure legal compliance and enhanced<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/lone-worker-safety/"> lone worker safety</a>.</p>
<h2>OSH Act of 1970: General Duty Clause</h2>
<p>The United States<a href="https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/oshact/toc"> Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970</a> exists to assure healthful and safe working environments and working conditions for all workers. Its<a href="https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/oshact/section_5"> General Duty Clause (Section 5)</a> states that each employer:</p>
<ol>
<li><em>Shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are <strong>free from recognized hazards</strong> that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;</em></li>
<li><em>Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act.</em></li>
</ol>
<h2>OSHA: Employer Responsibilities</h2>
<p>In addition to providing a safe workplace free of recognized hazards, OSHA states that other<a href="https://www.osha.gov/workers/employer-responsibilities"> Employer Responsibilities</a> include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Inspecting workplace conditions to ensure they satisfy OSHA standards;</li>
<li>Providing employees with safe tools and equipment and properly maintaining those implements;</li>
<li>Utilizing signs, posters, labels, and/or color codes to alert employees of potential hazards;</li>
<li>Creating, updating, and disseminating standard operating procedures so that employees adhere to safety and health requirements; and</li>
<li>Providing safety training that workers can understand.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Specific Lone Worker Regulations in the USA</h2>
<p>So what about OSHA lone worker laws?<a href="https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1915/1915.84"> Part 1915.84 of OSHA Regulations (Standards &#8211; 29 CFR)</a> specifically pertains to health and safety standards for working alone in shipyard employment, though this regulation can be used as guidance for lone-working employees across all industries.</p>
<p>The regulation states that, any time employees are working alone (for example, in an isolated locations or in a confined spaces), the employer must:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Account for each lone-working employee at regular intervals</strong> throughout each shift to ensure the employee&#8217;s safety and health; and</li>
<li>Account for each lone-working employee at the end of the job assignment, or at the end of the shift, whichever occurs first.</li>
</ul>
<h2>HSW Act 1974: General Duties of Employers</h2>
<p>Similar to the United States, the United Kingdom&#8217;s<a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/contents"> Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974</a> aims to secure the health, safety, and welfare of all workers and protect non-workers against the health and safety risks that arise out of others&#8217; work.</p>
<p>The HWS Act states that employers&#8217;<a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/part/I/crossheading/general-duties"> General Duties</a> to their employees include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ensuring the health, safety, and welfare of all employees, as far as is reasonably practicable;</li>
<li>Providing and maintaining safe, risk-free workplaces and systems of work, as far as is reasonably practicable;</li>
<li>Arranging for the safe, risk-free use, handling, storage, and transport of substances and articles;</li>
<li>Providing the necessary training, instruction, information, and supervision to ensure the health and safety of all employees, as far as is reasonably practicable; and</li>
<li>Maintaining places of work in safe conditions, free of risks to health, as far as is reasonably practicable.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Specific Lone Worker Laws in the UK</h2>
<p>Though the United Kingdom does not have any laws explicitly pertaining to lone workers, the Health and Safety Executive has published a guide entitled,<em><a href="https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg73.htm"> Protecting lone workers: How to manage the risks of working alone</a></em>. This guide details how to keep lone workers healthy and safe.</p>
<p>According to the guide, the process of ensuring safe and healthy workplaces can be much different than that of other workers. Employers should make sure to:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Assess specific areas of lone-working risk</strong> including the workplace itself (i.e. a rural or isolated location), physical violence (i.e. working with a high-risk client type), manual handling (i.e. operating dangerous machinery), the medical suitability of the individual to work alone (i.e. their medical history and susceptibility to sudden health issues such as heart attacks, seizures, and strokes);</li>
<li><strong>Understand lone workers&#8217; requirements for training</strong><strong>,</strong> levels of experience and skills, and how best to supervise and monitor them; and</li>
<li><strong>Establish systems to keep in contact with lone workers and respond to any incidents.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>UK&#8217;s Advice for Monitoring and Keeping in Touch</h3>
<p>The<a href="https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg73.pdf"> HSE</a> also provides guidelines on how to keep in touch with employees as they work alone. It states that any monitoring system put in place should be well-embedded into an organization, understood by all, and may include:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Supervisors periodically visiting and observing people working alone;</em></li>
<li><em><strong>Pre-agreed intervals of regular contact</strong> between the lone worker and employer, using phones, radios, email, etc.;</em></li>
<li><em><strong>Devices designed to raise the alarm in an emergency</strong> which can be operated manually or automatically;</em></li>
<li><em>Implementing a robust system to ensure a lone worker has returned to their base or home once their work is completed.</em></li>
</ul>
<h3>Summary of Best Practices for Safeguarding Lone Workers</h3>
<p>After reviewing the various laws and guidelines set forth by the United States and the United Kingdom, it&#8217;s clear that employers worldwide can, and should, employ the following general practices to keep their lone workers safe:</p>
<ol>
<li>Establish a<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/lone-worker-policy/"> lone worker safety policy</a></li>
<li>Provide safe work, work systems, and workplaces that are free of hazards</li>
<li>Provide training, instructions, education, and other informational resources</li>
<li>Regularly seek to identify lone worker hazards and mitigate them </li>
<li>Conduct frequent, detailed<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/lone-working/lone-working-risk-assessment-example/"> lone-working risk assessments</a></li>
<li>Monitor and keep in touch with employees as they work alone</li>
<li>Establish a regular safety check-in system </li>
</ol>
<p>Implementing a lone worker safety solution, such as<a href="https://sheqsy.com/"> SHEQSY</a>, can help your organization uphold all of the lone worker safety best practices above, while complying with even the most strict lone worker legislation.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Digitize the way you Work&#8221; body=&#8221;Empower your team with SafetyCulture to perform checks, train staff, report issues, and automate tasks with our digital platform.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Get Started for Free&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://app.safetyculture.com/sign-up&#8221;]</p>
<h2>Tools for Complying with Lone Working Legislation</h2>
<p>Working alone, without back-up support or supervision, presents higher-risk health and safety threats than when working in the presence of colleagues.</p>
<p>Luckily, there are various tools and practices that your organization can deploy to protect workers and comply with lone working laws and guidelines.</p>
<h3>Real-Time Lone Worker Monitoring</h3>
<p>Deploying a lone worker safety and management system, such as a<a href="https://safetyculture.com/app/lone-worker-app/"> lone worker app</a> or a<a href="https://safetyculture.com/app/lone-worker-safety-devices/"> lone worker device</a>, can help keep lone workers connected and safe 24/7, no matter where they are.</p>
<p>The ideal<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/lone-worker-solutions/"> lone worker solution</a>, at a minimum, should have:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Location monitoring:</strong> Understanding of employees&#8217; exact locations is invaluable in emergencies. Without their locations, how can assistance be dispatched to them?</li>
<li><strong>Automated periodic check-ins:</strong> Requiring employees to check-in regularly helps managers understand if they are safe and well. When employees miss check-ins, managers can follow their organizations&#8217; safety protocols to determine if assistance is needed.</li>
<li><strong>Emergency panic alarm:</strong> In the event that something goes wrong, lone workers require a quick and easy way to raise a panic alarm, letting managers or other responsible parties know that they need immediate help.</li>
</ul>
<p><em><a href="https://safetyculture.com/sheqsy/">SHEQSY</a> is the leading lone worker safety solution that protects employees in real-time with duress alarms, periodic check-ins and overtime alerts, while keeping managers informed.<a href="https://safetyculture.com/sheqsy/"> Learn more.</a></em></p>
<h3>Lone Worker Training</h3>
<p>Ensuring that employees are properly trained to work alone is essential. Of course, training should be specific to the type of work, work environment, work-related hazards, and other relevant factors.</p>
<p>Some examples could be crisis intervention and de-escalation training for healthcare professionals working with patients, or machinery safety training for employees who operate hazardous equipment.</p>
<p>Solo employees should also complete extensive emergency response training.</p>
<h3>Proactive Hazard Identification &amp; Mitigation</h3>
<p>Proactively identifying hazards and finding ways to mitigate them effectively is an important safety measure &#8211; and a team effort. According to<a href="https://www.osha.gov/safety-management/hazard-identification"> OSHA</a>, a leading cause of workplace incidents is the failure to identify hazards that are present or that could have been anticipated.</p>
<p>While managers should regularly carry out inspections, employees should also be encouraged and empowered to identify and report any hazards they spot. Implementing a simple hazard, incident, and near-miss reporting system for lone workers can help keep everyone on the same page.</p>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/lone-worker-solutions/"><i>Lone worker solutions</i></a><i> often have a reporting feature that lets managers know when something is wrong. With the SHEQSY app, lone workers can report hazards quickly and easily with their smartphones, and include photo and video evidence.</i></p>
<h3>Frequent Risk Assessments</h3>
<p>Hazard identification and risk assessments go hand-in-hand. A risk assessment is the process of evaluating hazards and their risk levels and deciding how your organization can take reasonable, practicable steps to eliminate the hazards completely, or, at the very least, decrease their risk level.</p>
<p>Managers should complete risk assessments frequently, for example, every 3 months. They should take into account employees&#8217; hazard reports and any other first-hand data they can collect.</p>
<p>While working, employees should also make sure to conduct their own<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/dynamic-risk-assessment/"> dynamic risk assessments</a>. This is the practice of continuously identifying hazards, analyzing their risks, mitigating the hazards, and then proceeding with work safely.</p>
<h3>Practical Lone Worker Policy</h3>
<p>The<a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/part/I/crossheading/general-duties"> HSW Act of 1974</a> maintains that, &#8220;every employer [must] prepare . . . a written statement of his general policy with respect to the health and safety at work of his employees and the organisation&#8221;.</p>
<p>Creating a practical, go-to lone worker policy &#8211; one that includes defined roles and responsibilities, lone worker risks, safety processes and procedures, reporting procedures, emergency response plans, health and safety resources &#8211; can bring clarity and ease to communication and operations, therefore, keeping employees safer.</p>
<p><strong>Protect employees. Save time. Be compliant. With SHEQSY. See how, in 90 seconds: </strong></p>
<p><iframe loading="lazy" title="Lone worker safety made easy with SHEQSY by SafetyCulture" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/eEtT4WWuRK4?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>


What are the laws on lone working?

Is it against OSHA to work alone?

What does the General Duty Clause say?

Lone Working Laws: FAQs

Lone Working Regulations to Safeguard Solo Employees (in the USA & UK)

person calling about lone working regulations

Lone Working Regulations

<p>Metalworking has been around for thousands of years and has evolved with advancements in technology and machinery. Nowadays, it uses Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines to create precise and complex metal structures.</p>
<h2><strong>The History of Metalworking</strong></h2>
<p>The earliest evidence of metalworking is a copper pendant uncovered in Iraq, dating back to 8,700 BCE. In ancient times, people primarily used metalworking to create tools and weapons for hunting and warfare. As metalworking techniques improved, creating more intricate designs, such as jewelry and decorative objects, became possible.</p>
<p>During the Middle Ages, metalworking became a highly specialized craft. People formed guilds to regulate the industry and ensure that apprentices received proper training. Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution marked a significant advancement in metalworking technology when the steam engine and other machines enabled mass production.</p>
<p>In modern times, metalworking remains an important industry with many applications, including construction, transportation, and manufacturing.</p>
<h2><strong>Advantages</strong></h2>
<p>Some of the advantages of metalworking include the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>A manufactured product will last for a decade.</li>
<li>High-volume and long-term production lines have high-cost efficiency.</li>
<li>The products created from metalworking are resistant to high temperatures.</li>
<li>Metalworking has a broad range of applications.</li>
<li>This process also produces strong materials for various purposes.</li>
<li><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/metalworking-fluids/">Metalworking fluids</a> have advanced metalworking processes.</li>
<li>Casting is a helpful method for creating tools, sculptures, and jewelry.</li>
</ul>
<h2><strong>Disadvantages</strong></h2>
<p>While metalworking has numerous advantages, it is also essential to acknowledge its limitations. The following are some disadvantages of metalworking:</p>
<ul>
<li>Metalworking requires a skilled individual in all areas.</li>
<li>The duration of a project is usually long.</li>
<li>Start-up costs for metalworking processes are high.</li>
<li>Knowing how the various machines work is essential before using them.</li>
<li>The possibility of severe physical injury or, in worst cases, fatality always exists.</li>
<li>The process of metalworking requires a large number of tools.</li>
<li>Post-fabrication procedures are time-consuming and costly.</li>
</ul>
<h2><strong>Metalworking Techniques</strong></h2>
<p>Metalworking techniques vary based on the properties of the metal used and can produce a range of objects in different sizes. Below are the other methods used in metalworking:</p>
<h3><strong>Cutting</strong></h3>
<p>Metal fabrication shops, automotive repair, and construction workers commonly use cutting. Milling, routing, turning, and CNC machines are some methods used to remove material from metal. While creating holes in metals, this process uses plasma cutters, which use argon and hydrogen for power.</p>
<h3><strong>Joining</strong></h3>
<p>Joining is the act of combining metal pieces through welding or soldering. Welding uses a machine to join ferrous and non-ferrous metals and is best for bigger projects. Soldering fuses precious metals by melting solder and is best for smaller projects.</p>
<h3><strong>Forming</strong></h3>
<p>Forming metal involves using heat and pressure to reshape it without adding or removing material. This metalworking technique uses two methods: forging and bending.</p>
<p>Forging involves heating the metal, then hammering and bending it into the desired shape. Meanwhile, bending is done by heating the metal and striking it with a hammer over the anvil horn. It uses an English wheel to shape cold materials like aluminum or steel.</p>
<h3><strong>Casting</strong></h3>
<p>Metal casting is a technique used in history for sculpting, crafting tools, and designing jewelry. The process includes pouring melted metals into different materials&#8217; cavities. Despite its age, it remains popular due to its economic benefits, speed, and ability to create identical copies of an item.</p>
<p>You can cast metal using lost wax casting or sand casting. Lost wax casting involves carving in wax, creating a plaster mold, and burning out the wax. On the other hand, sand casting uses sand combined with a bonding agent like clay, and molten metal is flowed into the mold to create an object.</p>
<h2><strong>Cutting Processes</strong></h2>
<p>Metal cutting is a necessary step in metalworking for building structures and making tools. There are various methods available, ranging from handheld devices to advanced machinery.</p>
<h3><strong>Milling</strong></h3>
<p>The process of milling involves removing precise amounts of material from a larger piece by using a milling machine that rotates a cutting tool and brings it into contact with a workpiece. The mill and lathe are essential machines capable of producing pieces with high precision, repeatability, and accuracy.</p>
<h3><strong>Turning</strong></h3>
<p>Turning involves a cutting tool moving linearly while a workpiece rotates. This technique removes material from the piece in both depth and width. Conventional machine tools used for turning are lathes, but due to technological advancements, a more automated process employs CNC machines now.</p>
<h3><strong>Grinding</strong></h3>
<p>Grinding is an abrasive process used in metalworking to remove material from a workpiece. Machines used for grinding include handheld angle grinders, bench grinders, and CNC machines. Grinding machines vary in size and precision. An abrasive wheel made of stone, diamonds, or inorganic material is used for precise cuts and fine finishes.</p>
<h3><strong>Drilling</strong></h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/drilling-safety/">Drilling</a> involves creating holes in metal using drill presses, handheld drills, or CNC machines. Ensure you lubricate your bits with cutting fluid to prolong the tool&#8217;s life and prevent overheating. It ensures a smooth and accurate hole and prevents chattering or unsafe drilling.</p>
<h2><strong>Joining Processes</strong></h2>
<p>Joining metals involves using heat and pressure to create larger pieces or build structures. Welding and riveting are effective techniques for larger projects requiring weight-bearing capacity, while soldering is used for joining smaller materials such as jewelry and sculptural objects. Here are different methods used when joining metals.</p>
<h3><strong>Welding</strong></h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/welding-safety/">Welding</a> involves joining materials through pressure and heat. It can be done indoors or outdoors, depending on the type. Welding is used to create swords, ships, structures, and more. Each type of welding has its practical application, as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)</strong> &#8211; utilizes a heated solid wire electrode in a welding gun and is a viable option for beginners.</li>
<li><strong>Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)</strong> &#8211; involves a tungsten electrode that remains intact throughout welding, enabling precise control over amperage and gas flow. This technique is ideal for delicate materials and can be used on non-ferrous and <a href="https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/metalworking-us/applications/">ferrous metals</a>.</li>
<li><strong>Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)</strong> &#8211; involves a consumable electrode coated with flux to create strong welds suitable for thicker materials. This process is versatile, with easy equipment setup and a generally easy learning curve.</li>
<li><strong>Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)</strong> &#8211; uses a consumable electrode that is continuously fed and can be semi-automatic or automatic. The electrode includes a flux core that shields the weld from atmospheric elements, making it adaptable and easy to transport.</li>
<li><strong>Energy Beam Welding (EBW)</strong> &#8211; involves the generation of electrons through an electron gun and accelerating them to high speeds using electrical fields. These electrons are then focused and applied to the joined materials using magnetic fields.</li>
<li><strong>Atomic Hydrogen Welding (AHW)</strong> &#8211; involves an electric arc created by two tungsten electrodes in the presence of hydrogen gas. The arc breaks the hydrogen molecules and later recombines them through a reaction.</li>
<li><strong>Oxy-acetylene Welding</strong> &#8211; involves using fuel gases and oxygen to heat the flame and melt the material of the workpiece in a localized manner.</li>
<li><strong>Plasma Arc Welding</strong> &#8211; involves creating an electric arc between a non-consumable electrode and the workpiece. It results in high temperatures and energy concentration, creating deep and narrow weld seams at high speeds.</li>
</ul>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create Your Own Welding Safety Checklist&#8221;]</p>
<h3><strong>Soldering</strong></h3>
<p>Soldering involves melting a low-temperature alloy into the joint to fuse the metals into one solid piece to create a reliable electrical bridge. Metalworkers use an eclectic soldering iron or a gas-powered torch to join precious metals. Soldering is widely used in plumbing, electronics, metalwork, and even musical instrument fabrication.</p>
<h3><strong>Riveting</strong></h3>
<p>Rivets are mechanical fasteners that make joints or reinforce structures. They work best for lightweight objects needing high strength—rivets previously connected metal joints in buildings like the Eiffel Tower and Sydney Harbour Bridge. Rivets are smooth cylinders with a head before installation.</p>
<h2><strong>Forming Processes</strong></h2>
<p>Shaping metal can be accomplished through either hot or cold manipulation. The specific method will depend on the <a href="https://www.instructables.com/Metalworking-101/">type of metal</a>, available equipment, and desired result. The different types of forming techniques are discussed below.</p>
<h3><strong>Forging</strong></h3>
<p>Forging is an ancient metalworking process that shapes metal. The process involves heating metal in a forge and hammering and bending it. A blacksmith uses a hammer for smaller objects or an industrial power hammer for larger ones. Forged metals, commonly made of iron and steel, are known for their strength.</p>
<h3><strong>Roll Forming</strong></h3>
<p>Roll forming involves continuously bending sheet metal sheets at room temperature through a roll-forming mill. It is known for its precision, flexibility, and ability to form metals up to a quarter of an inch thick.</p>
<h3><strong>Rolling</strong></h3>
<p>Rolling is a process used to decrease the thickness of metals or achieve uniformity, which can be either hot or cold. Hot rolling is suitable for larger workpieces and sheet metal. In contrast, cold rolling is preferable for smaller objects, improving strength and surface finish and reducing the need for additional finishing work.</p>
<h2><strong>Casting Processes</strong></h2>
<p>Metal casting is used to create solid <a href="https://onekeyresources.milwaukeetool.com/en/metalworking-career">metal objects</a> by pouring <a href="https://www.teeda.com/pages/the-art-of-metalworking">molten metal</a> into a mold. The metal is then cooled and extracted from the mold. It&#8217;s a cost-effective and time-saving method. This section will discuss the common techniques for casting metal below:</p>
<h3><strong>Investment or Lost Wax Casting</strong></h3>
<p>An investment casting process involves pouring molten metal into a wax model mold. The mold has sprues attached and is covered with plaster. Kilns are used to burn out wax. Metal is melted and poured into the plaster mold using a vacuum or centrifugal caster.</p>
<h3><strong>Die Casting</strong></h3>
<p>A die-casting process involves injecting molten metal under high pressure into a mold. The mold comprises two machined steel dies and typically uses alloys with a low melting point, such as zinc, copper, aluminum, and magnesium. This automated process is known for its speed.</p>
<h3><strong>Sand Casting</strong></h3>
<p>A metal casting method commonly used in foundries. The mold combines sand with a bonding agent like clay and is gated. A mold is used to form molten metal into objects. Sand casting is inexpensive and the most widely used metal casting method.</p>


What is the Difference Between Machining and Fabrication?

What is the Most Common Failure in Steel?

What are the Risks of Metalworking?

What are Some Safety Considerations in Metalworking?

FAQs About Metalworking

An Introduction To Metalworking

metalworker processes metal with an angle grinder

Equipment Safety

Metalworking

<p>Effective internal controls are critical for the success and sustainability of any organization. They help assure stakeholders that the company operates responsibly and ethically and that its financial statements are reliable and accurate in accordance with accounting regulations (e.g., <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/sox-compliance/">Sarbanes-Oxley Act</a>). Furthermore, it&#8217;s essential to regularly review and update internal controls to ensure they remain relevant and valuable.</p>
<h2><strong>Advantages</strong></h2>
<p>There are several <a href="https://www.dgs.ca.gov/Resources/SAM/TOC/20000/20060">advantages</a> to having internal control, including:</p>
<h3><strong>Detection of Errors and Frauds</strong></h3>
<p>One of the vital control procedures that can help detect errors and fraud is the segregation of duties. It involves assigning different tasks to different employees, which helps to prevent any single employee from having too much control over a particular process.</p>
<p>For example, one employee may be responsible for recording transactions, while another is responsible for reconciling bank statements. This way, if one employee makes an error or tries to commit fraud, it is more likely to be detected by the other employee.</p>
<h3><strong>Time Efficiency</strong></h3>
<p>An auditor may perform testing, checking, or sampling transactions to verify book entries&#8217; accuracy and reliability. As a result, he can finish his auditing tasks and create financial statements within the designated timeframe.</p>
<h3><strong>Operational Efficiency</strong></h3>
<p>The use of this system promotes accountability, accuracy, and reliability in work performance while reducing inefficiency, fraud, and theft. Additionally, this system allows for the <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/how-to-conduct-an-effective-performance-appraisal/">evaluation of employee performance</a> by management. And all of these elements contribute to improving the organization&#8217;s overall <a href="https://www.mtu.edu/internal-audit/control/what-is/">operational efficiency</a>.</p>
<h2><strong>Disadvantages</strong></h2>
<p>Meanwhile, when implementing internal controls, it&#8217;s essential to consider certain limitations that may impact their effectiveness. The following are some examples:</p>
<h3><strong>Collusion</strong></h3>
<p>Many businesses implement segregating duties as an internal control measure to prevent fraud by ensuring that no single employee has excessive power. However, employees can collaborate and use a complex process to conceal fraudulent activities.</p>
<h3><strong>Human Error</strong></h3>
<p>Human error can impact internal controls, mainly involving manual processes and judgment calls. Manual inventory counts may lead to inaccuracies, and internal <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/audit-procedures/">audit</a> outcomes may be affected by poor judgment. Implementing automated systems will ensure consistency and minimize human error risk.</p>
<h3><strong>Unforeseen Circumstances</strong></h3>
<p>A company&#8217;s management establishes internal controls to identify and prevent or reduce potential hazards. However, management can&#8217;t predict all possible challenges or occurrences. Random variables or circumstances may affect the effectiveness of internal controls.</p>
<p>Moreover, the cost of controlling unusual conditions may outweigh the benefits, leading a management team to accept the risk instead. As a result, it can restrict the effectiveness of internal controls in certain situations.</p>
<h2><strong>Examples</strong></h2>
<p>Listed below are some examples of internal controls that organizations can implement in their operations:</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400"><strong>Segregation of Duties</strong> &#8211; Task delegation is a risk reduction method involving dividing work duties among multiple individuals.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400"><strong>Physical Controls</strong> &#8211; Assets are physically secured using locks, safes, or environmental controls to restrict access to authorized personnel.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400"><strong>Reconciliations</strong> &#8211; This ensures the accuracy of transaction details and proper recording across different individuals&#8217; records. Examples include reconciling bank statements to check register/records and balancing cash on hand to sales or transaction activity on cash register totals.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400"><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/policies-and-procedures/"><strong>Policies and Procedures</strong></a> &#8211; The organization should have established policies, procedures, and documentation available at all levels to ensure consistent quality performance. It includes both departmental and organization-wide guidelines.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400"><strong>Transaction and Activity Reviews</strong> &#8211; Reviews of various reports, such as transaction, operating, and summary reports, help monitor performance, identify trends, and detect problems. An example of a specific review would be examining budget statements to compare actual expenses, analyzing telecommunication call activity reports for personal calls, and reviewing employee time cards.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400"><strong>Information Processing Controls</strong> &#8211; Data processing involves internal controls to ensure transaction accuracy, completeness, and authorization. The data is verified by comparing it to control files, checking numerical sequences, and comparing file totals to previous balances and control accounts.</li>
</ul>
<h2><strong>Types of Internal Controls</strong></h2>
<p>The two fundamental internal controls are preventive and detective. A comprehensive internal control system should include both types, each fulfilling a distinct function. Let&#8217;s take a closer look at each:</p>
<h3><strong>Preventive Controls</strong></h3>
<p>Preventive controls can reduce the likelihood of errors and fraud by focusing on the separation of duties. They&#8217;re an integral component of quality management because they involve a proactive strategy to ensure quality.</p>
<p>The following are examples of preventive controls:</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Separation of duties</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">A preapproval of actions or transactions (e.g., travel authorization)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Controls over access (e.g., passwords authentication)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Control of physical assets (e.g., locks on doors, safes for cash, checks)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Assessments and training for employees</li>
</ul>
<h3><strong>Detective Controls</strong></h3>
<p>Detective controls identify errors or issues that may have occurred post-transaction. They are essential in proving that preventive controls <a href="https://www.fa.ufl.edu/directives/types-of-internal-controls/">function correctly</a> and offer the chance to uncover any abnormalities afterward.</p>
<p>The following are examples of detective controls:</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Reconciling departmental transactions every month</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Checking for any unexpected differences between the budget and the organization&#8217;s performance</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400">Counting physical inventory (e.g., cash or product inventory)</li>
</ul>
<h2><strong>Components</strong></h2>
<p>There are five components to an internal control system. Let&#8217;s examine each and how it contributes to internal control.</p>
<h3><strong>Control Environment</strong></h3>
<p>In a company, the culture is built and set from the top down by the <a href="https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/administration/audit-and-advisory-services/Pages/internal-controls.aspx">board of directors</a> and top management, which employees must follow. The control environment plays a critical role in providing support to the other internal control components.</p>
<h3><strong>Risk Assessment</strong></h3>
<p>Periodic <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/risk-assessment/">risk assessments</a> help organizations identify and analyze potential risks that may impact their ability to achieve their goals and objectives. The results are utilized to pinpoint areas that require prioritization and implementation of internal controls.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create Your Own Risk Assessment Template&#8221;]</p>
<h3><strong>Information and Communication</strong></h3>
<p>Efficient systems and processes should facilitate the identification, capture, and exchange of information on time, allowing individuals to perform their duties effectively. In cases where information is not easily accessible, employees may attempt to bypass internal controls to streamline operations.</p>
<h3><strong>Control Activities</strong></h3>
<p>They&#8217;re the policies and procedures an organization implements to achieve its objectives. These actions prevent or detect errors, fraud, or other irregularities in the organization&#8217;s operations. Control activities are an essential component of internal control because they provide the necessary safeguards to protect the organization&#8217;s assets and ensure the accuracy and reliability of financial reporting.</p>
<h3><strong>Monitoring</strong></h3>
<p>Monitoring is essential to internal control as it allows businesses to ensure that their internal control system functions effectively. It involves the ongoing assessment of the internal control system to identify any weaknesses or deficiencies that need to be addressed. It also involves regularly reviewing financial statements and other <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/kpi/">key performance indicators</a> to ensure accuracy and reliability.</p>
<h2><strong>Evaluating Internal Controls Deficiencies</strong></h2>
<p>Given the growing complexity of business operations, identifying and assessing internal control deficiencies can pose a challenge for companies and external auditors. The following tips can help you evaluate internal control deficiencies:</p>
<h3><strong>Assess the Control Environment</strong></h3>
<p>The control environment is crucial to evaluating internal control deficiencies. It serves as the basis for internal control and impacts employee behavior. A company that prioritizes a robust control environment operates with integrity and ethical values, attracting and retaining competent employees responsible for their internal control duties.</p>
<h3><strong>Evaluate Risk Assessment</strong></h3>
<p>Thorough <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/risk-analysis/">risk analysis</a> is vital to effective internal controls. To manage risks, organizations must identify potential obstacles to achieving their objectives. In connection with this, fraud is one of the most common risk areas organizations must consider. Auditing, risk, and compliance professionals can evaluate a company&#8217;s risk assessment strategy to ensure that internal controls prevent fraud.</p>
<h3><strong>Investigate Control Activities</strong></h3>
<p>Effective controls are essential for an organization, but policies and procedures must also be in place to manage risks and achieve objectives. Internal control encompasses activities such as performance reviews, segregation of duties, and electronic safeguards like two-factor authentication. Having control activities that minimize the risk of fraud and error indicates a sound control environment.</p>
<h3><strong>Examine Information and Communication Systems</strong></h3>
<p>High-quality internal communications are necessary for supporting internal controls. It&#8217;s essential to review the organization&#8217;s information and communication systems, particularly the accounting information system, to ensure accurate and efficient reporting.</p>
<h3><strong>Analyze Monitoring Activities</strong></h3>
<p>An organization that regularly evaluates its internal controls can reduce risks to an acceptable level. The frequency and quality of monitoring activities determine the effectiveness of an organization in managing financial risk. Consistent monitoring, assessing, and corrective action for internal control deficiencies lead to tremendous success in <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/risk-management/">risk management</a>.</p>


Who Must Establish Internal Control?

When are Internal Controls Not Effective?

Who isn't Responsible for Internal Controls?

Why Can Internal Controls Not Provide Absolute Assurance?

FAQs About Internal Control

An Overview of Internal Control

team discusses internal control measures for their business

Business Processes

Operations

Internal Control

<h2>What is the Main Purpose of Maintenance?</h2>
<p>The main goal and purpose of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/maintenance/">maintenance </a>is to keep all equipment, machine, and systems working at their best at all times. To achieve this, it is important to avoid unnecessary downtime, replacements, and breakdowns as much as possible. </p>
<p>Another purpose of performing maintenance is to ensure a safe working environment. Broken assets can lead to potential hazards that can, directly and indirectly, harm you and your workers, and sometimes even customers. In extreme cases, equipment failure can lead to accidents that cause injuries or fatalities.</p>
<p>In addition to safety concerns, another purpose of maintenance is to prevent unnecessary costs. Repairs and replacements can be much more expensive than conducting maintenance, and downtime can lead to lost revenue and decreased productivity. Neglecting maintenance can also result in equipment or infrastructure reaching the end of its useful life much sooner than expected, possibly causing unplanned expenses. </p>
<h2>Types of Maintenance </h2>
<p>Maintenance tasks can be categorized into the following types: </p>
<h3>Preventive Maintenance</h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/preventive-maintenance/">Preventive maintenance</a> focuses on addressing issues before they manifest. It involves regularly checking and servicing equipment, systems, facilities, and the like to ensure they do not break down suddenly. While this is often done before use, it can also be performed after.</p>
<p>This is one of the most used <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/preventive-maintenance/preventive-maintenance-examples/">example of maintenance</a> as it is present in manufacturing, construction, hospitality, and transportation. </p>
<h3>Corrective Maintenance</h3>
<p>While preventive maintenance is often done before using a certain equipment or system, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/corrective-maintenance/">corrective maintenance</a> is usually done after use. Sometimes called “reactive maintenance,” type of maintenance involves technicians correcting malfunctions and addressing breakages in equipment, different types of machinery, and systems. </p>
<h3>Condition-based Maintenance</h3>
<p>This type of maintenance involves conducting maintenance tasks depending on the condition of the asset to be used. With <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/condition-based-maintenance/">condition-based maintenance</a>, there is no set schedule to follow, as maintenance professionals will be basing their actions on indicators that will determine if an equipment, machine, or system will be breaking or has already broken. </p>
<h3>Planned Maintenance</h3>
<p>The opposite of condition-based maintenance is <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/planned-maintenance/">planned maintenance</a>. This type of maintenance involves scheduling maintenance checks and tasks regardless of the current status of the assets to be used, ensuring that they are in good condition at all times. </p>
<h3>Predictive Maintenance</h3>
<p>Similar to preventive maintenance, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/predictive-maintenance/">predictive maintenance</a> is often conducted before certain equipment is used. With this type of maintenance, data from sensors, machine learning systems, monitors and the like are used to predict the best time and way to conduct maintenance in the most efficient way possible. </p>
<h3>Risk-based Maintenance</h3>
<p>This type of maintenance focuses on risks and <a href="https://ftmaintenance.com/maintenance-management/what-is-risk-based-maintenance/">utilizes risk assessment principles</a> to improve how certain maintenance tasks are performed and how different resources are allocated. Risk-based maintenance involves analyzing a machine, equipment, or system’s possibility for breakage, failure modes, and causing harm, which will then serve as the basis for managers to create a maintenance plan that will mitigate these. </p>
<h3>Reliability-centered Maintenance</h3>
<p>Reliability-centered maintenance is most often used in corporate settings. This type of maintenance is designed to improve and optimize maintenance programs <a href="https://www.getmaintainx.com/learning-center/reliability-centered-maintenance/">based on</a> established safe levels of work and equipment use, all while staying cost-effective.</p>
<h3>Proactive Maintenance</h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/proactive-maintenance/">Proactive maintenance </a>is a type of maintenance strategy focused on determining the root cause of breakdowns and failures and addressing them before they can cause more problems. It works similarly to preventive maintenance as they both aim to address problems before they happen or get worse, but the frequency of proactive maintenance is subject to change often.</p>


Types of Maintenance

person performing different types of maintenance

Facility Management

Maintenance

<h2>Common Hazards</h2>
<p>To <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/gas-safety/">safely use and handle gas</a> cylinders, workers need to understand the <a href="https://www.osha.gov/compressed-gas-equipment">hazards associated with them</a>. Some of these hazards include the following:</p>
<h3>Fire Hazards</h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/risk-assessment/fire-risk-assessment/">Fire hazards</a> are one of the primary risks associated with gas cylinders. These containers carry flammable and oxidizing gases, which can ignite fires if they come into contact with flames or static electricity. Moreover, if a cylinder is exposed to extremely high temperatures, it becomes more susceptible to wear and tear and, consequently, fires.</p>
<h3>Explosions</h3>
<p>Aside from fires, and because gas cylinders are also <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/pressure-vessel/">pressure vessels</a>, gas cylinders are also vulnerable to explosions. For example, if the cylinder is heated or exposed to a heat source (e.g., an open flame), the pressure inside can quickly rise to dangerously high levels, thereby running the risk of explosions. Similarly, if the container is dropped or damaged in any shape or form, it can rupture and explode.</p>
<h3>Toxic Gas Exposure</h3>
<p>Many gases stored in gas cylinders can pose a significant risk to the worker’s health if inhaled or ingested. Even in tiny concentrations, <a href="https://ysu.edu/eohs/gas-cylinder-hazards">exposure to these toxic gases</a> can be lethal and can lead to a range of health problems, such as but not limited to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Headaches</li>
<li>Dizziness</li>
<li>Nausea</li>
<li>Respiratory issues</li>
<li>Lung damage</li>
<li>Asphyxiation</li>
</ul>
<h3>Physical Injuries</h3>
<p>Gas cylinders can cause physical injuries when stored and handled improperly. For instance, they can be hard to move given their weight and, thus, require proper handling and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/lifting-safety/">lifting</a> techniques. If not secured properly, these cylinders can fall over and injure the person.</p>
<p>When high levels of pressure are released due to cracks or punctures in the cylinder, workers run the risk of incurring severe injuries. In addition, the corrosive gases inside these cylinders can penetrate fire-resistant clothing and burn the skin underneath.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Improve your EHS Management&#8221; body=&#8221;Cultivate a safe working environment and streamline compliance with our EHS solutions.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Explore now&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://safetyculture.com/health-and-safety/?utm_source=seo&amp;utm_medium=topics&amp;utm_campaign=ehs&amp;utm_content=cta-panel&#8221;]</p>
<h2>Best Practices for Handling and Storing Gas Cylinders</h2>
<p>Gas cylinders require a number of safety precautions to avoid and/or mitigate potential risks. Here are some best practices for labeling, handling, storing, inspecting, and transporting gas cylinders:</p>
<h3>Labeling System</h3>
<p>Gas cylinders often follow a <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/hazcom/">labeling system</a> to identify their contents and other vital information. It’s important to familiarize yourself with these labels, as they can guide you in safely handling and storing the cylinder.</p>
<p>Make sure that the labels in the cylinders clearly state the type of gas contained inside (or the lack thereof, if empty). In case these labels become faded or unreadable, mark the cylinder as “content unknown” and reach out to the manufacturer for proper removal.</p>
<h3>Usage and Handling</h3>
<p>It’s important to follow the correct procedures when using and handling gas cylinders to prevent injuries and accidents. To carry out this process safely, here are some <a href="https://ehs.oregonstate.edu/sites/ehs.oregonstate.edu/files/pdf/si/gas_cylinder_safety_si.pdf">safety precautions</a> to keep in mind:</p>
<ul>
<li>Before getting to work, employees must have training for safely handling gas cylinders.</li>
<li>When using these cylinders, workers should wear safety glasses, gloves, and similar Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to keep them safe from harmful gases.</li>
<li>When moving these cylinders, make sure not to drop, bump, or drag them against each other. Doing so can damage their surfaces and potentially cause a leak.</li>
<li>Look out for the signs of a damaged or leaking cylinder, such as hissing or whistling noises, ice or frost buildup, or a strong odor.</li>
<li>If a cylinder has incurred damages or leaks, report it to the authorities and have them removed from the area.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Storage</h3>
<p>Safely storing gas cylinders entail a few must-haves. To start, they must be kept in a secure and well-ventilated area with warning signs. Be sure to store them in an upright position and attach them to a wall with the valve protection cap intact to prevent them from falling over.</p>
<p>In addition, keep these containers away from direct sunlight and other heat sources, as they could ignite a fire or explosion upon contact. But in case <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/leak-inspection/">leaks</a> and other issues occur, consider investing in leak detection and alarm systems for critical alerts.</p>
<h3>Transportation</h3>
<p>Similar to the storage instructions, gas cylinders must always be transported in a well-ventilated vehicle. They must also positioned upright with protective caps in place. Be sure to check with your local authorities on the regulations and guidelines applicable to gas cylinder transportation.</p>
<h3>Inspection</h3>
<p>Regular inspections ensure the safe handling, storage, and transportation of gas cylinders. Inspectors should visually check the cylinders and similar equipment at least once a month for the following items:</p>
<ul>
<li>Physical damage (e.g., corrosion, bulges, dents)</li>
<li>Signs of leakage</li>
<li>Appropriate labels</li>
<li>Functionality</li>
</ul>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create Your Own Gas Cylinder Inspection Checklist&#8221;]</p>
<h2>Safety Guidelines and Regulations for Gas Cylinders</h2>
<p>Several countries worldwide have established safety regulations for handling, storing, and using gas cylinders and similar equipment in the workplace. Here’s a quick overview of some of the most prominent local regulations for gas cylinder safety:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>United States </strong>&#8211; The <a href="https://www.osha.gov/compressed-gas-equipment/standards">Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)</a> covers an array of standards for the safe use and handling of compressed gas and equipment. It sets the requirements for labeling, ventilation, inspection, and certification before use.</li>
<li><strong>United Kingdom</strong> &#8211; The <a href="https://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/techmeascylinder.htm">Health and Safety Executive (HSE)</a> has stipulated principles for storing, transporting, designing, and maintaining gas cylinders and drums. Companies can also refer to their guidelines for containing spills, controlling ignition sources, and handling these cylinders in different industry applications.</li>
<li><strong>Australia </strong>&#8211; The <a href="https://www.aga.asn.au/certification-services/certification-of-cylinders-tanks/">Australian Gas Association (AGA)</a> specifies the requirements for the design and manufacture of gas cylinders and tanks in line with Australian regulations. Meanwhile, the <a href="https://www.ntc.gov.au/codes-and-guidelines/australian-dangerous-goods-code">Australian Dangerous Goods Code</a> regulates the transportation of these containers in the country.</li>
<li><strong>Global </strong>&#8211; The <a href="https://www.iccsafe.org/cs/codes/Documents/2006-07cycle/ProposedChanges/volume_1/26-F187-F216.pdf">International Code Council (ICC)</a> sets the standard for dealing with flammable gases and cryogenic fluids in household and workplace settings.</li>
</ul>


A Quick Guide to Gas Cylinder Safety

Gas Cylinder Safety

<p>The <a href="https://www.osha.gov/noise">Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)</a> has set legal limits on <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/occupational-noise-exposure/">occupational noise exposure</a> in the workplace to protect workers from its harmful effects. Hence, noise hazards can be considered <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-hazards/">workplace hazards</a> as workers in high- and low-risk industries alike get exposed to noise.</p>
<h2>What are the Types of Noise Hazards?</h2>
<div id="attachment_166034" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-166034" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-166034" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Types-of-Noise-Hazards.png" alt="Types of Noise Hazards" width="700" height="400" /><p id="caption-attachment-166034" class="wp-caption-text">Various Types of Noise Hazards</p></div>
<p>While there are various ways to categorize noise hazards depending on the situation, level of exposure, and severity of their effects, the following are the most common noise hazard examples and types to note:</p>
<h3>Occupational noise</h3>
<p>This type of noise is generated in the workplace that can cause hearing damage and other negative health effects to workers. Typically, it’s produced by machinery, equipment, tools, or processes involved in <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/industrial-safety/">industrial</a> or <a href="https://safetyculture.com/manufacturing/">manufacturing</a> operations.</p>
<p>In addition to the direct health effects, occupational noise can lead to decreased productivity, communication difficulties, and other safety hazards. Hence, noise safety programs and control measures are encouraged and are considered the responsibility of employers to protect workers&#8217; <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/occupational-health-and-safety/">health and safety</a>.</p>
<h3>Recreational noise</h3>
<p>This type of noise refers to the sound generated by leisure activities created and participated in by people for enjoyment and socialization opportunities. Such activities include the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Music concerts</li>
<li>Sporting events</li>
<li>Cultural festivals</li>
<li>Video arcades</li>
<li>Movie theaters</li>
</ul>
<p>Recreational noise can lead to hearing loss, sleep disturbance, stress, annoyance, and other health problems. Also, it can have negative impacts on wildlife and disturb the natural soundscapes of ecosystems if proper measures aren’t implemented.</p>
<h3>Environmental noise</h3>
<p>This refers to any unwanted noise or excessive sound levels created by human activities or natural sources in the environment. While this can negatively affect human health, it can also disrupt the environment, including animal behavior and feeding patterns.</p>
<p>A few common examples of where environmental noise comes from are the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Transportation &#8211; road traffic, trains, etc.</li>
<li>Industrial activities &#8211; operating machinery, construction, etc.</li>
<li>Neighborhood &#8211; motorized gardening equipment, noisy house appliances, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p>To mitigate such, measures such as noise barriers, zoning, and noise-reducing technologies can be used.</p>
<h3>Impulse noise</h3>
<p>This refers to the unwanted noise carrying a sudden sharp sound often caused by a brief, sudden increase in decibels. Some examples include a sledgehammer blow, explosion, or gunfire.</p>
<p>Also, this type of noise is most prevalent in the construction and demolition industries. <a href="https://www.cirrusresearch.co.uk/blog/2020/04/">Workers</a> in these sectors use heavy-duty equipment and perform disruptive processes that create impulse noises.</p>
<h2>Health Effects of Excessive Noise Hazard Exposure</h2>
<p>It&#8217;s important to note that the severity of health effects depends on the intensity and duration of the noise hazard exposure. Some of these notable implications include the following:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Temporary and permanent hearing loss</strong> &#8211; While temporary hearing loss is usually reversible as the individual&#8217;s hearing returns to normal after a few hours or days, repeated exposure to a loud noise hazard can lead to permanent hearing loss.</li>
<li><strong>Tinnitus</strong> &#8211; This is when an individual experiences a ringing, buzzing, or humming sound in one or both ears. The intensity varies and it can be temporary or permanent, and can affect a person&#8217;s quality of life, making it difficult to concentrate or sleep.</li>
<li><strong>Hyperacusis</strong> &#8211; This is a condition where one becomes extremely sensitive to noise. Even moderate noise levels can be painful and uncomfortable, which is usually caused by damage to the inner ear.</li>
<li><strong>Non-auditory health effects</strong> &#8211; Exposure to excessive noise can also lead to increased stress, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Standards and Regulations</h2>
<p>To help employers establish effective noise safety measures and provide a safe workplace, the following standards and regulations for each country or region apply:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>United States (US)</strong> &#8211; The <a href="https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95">OSHA’s Occupational Noise Exposure</a> states that if workers are to be exposed to 85 dB of noise or higher, employers should administer an effective hearing conservation program. Other standards include the following:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-noise-control-act">Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s Noise Control Act of 1972</a></li>
<li>The Centers for Disease Control (CDC)’s <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/default.html">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Australia</strong> &#8211; Similar to OSHA, <a href="https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/safety-topic/hazards/noise/overview">Safe Work Australia’s noise exposure standard</a> states that workers must not be exposed to above 85 dB on average, over the course of an 8-hour shift.</li>
<li><strong>United Kingdom (UK)</strong> &#8211; The <a href="https://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/regulations.htm#:~:text=The%20level%20at%20which%20employers,is%2080%20dB(A)">UK’s Health and Safety Executive (HSE)</a> recommends that employers must provide hearing protection to workers when they’re exposed to 85 dB and that risk assessments be conducted when the exposure level is at 80 dB.</li>
<li><strong>European Union (EU)</strong> &#8211; The <a href="https://osha.europa.eu/en/legislation/directives/82">EU’s OSHA</a> sets exposure limit values fixed at 87 dB while exposure action values at 80 dB (lower value) and 85 dB (upper value).
<ul>
<li>Further reading: <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/human/noise/noise-fact-sheets">Noise fact sheets</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Best Practices for Managing Noise Hazard Exposure</h2>
<p>Some steps that employers can take are the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Proactively <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/noise-hazard-identification/">identify noise hazards</a> and risks to create action plans in addressing them.</li>
<li>Implement noise control measures to limit exposure:
<ul>
<li><em>Engineering controls</em> &#8211; noise barriers, mufflers, or silencers on machinery and equipment to reduce the noise</li>
<li><em>Administrative controls</em> &#8211; scheduling noisy activities during off-hours, rotating workers to limit exposure time, or providing quiet areas for breaks</li>
<li><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/ppe-safety/"><em>Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)</em></a> &#8211; use of earplugs and earmuffs; proper fitting and maintenance of hearing protection</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/occupational-noise-exposure/noise-awareness-training/">Train</a> and educate employees on the risks associated with noise exposure, how to use PPE correctly, and how to identify and report problems.</li>
<li>Regularly monitor noise levels to ensure that controls are adequate and identify any changes in noise exposure that may require additional measures.</li>
<li>Inspect and maintain machinery and equipment to ensure that noise-reducing measures are functioning properly.</li>
</ul>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create Your Own Noise Hazard Identification Checklist&#8221;]</p>


Understanding Noise Hazards and Managing Exposure

a construction worker wearing earmuffs to protect himself from a noise hazard while working

Incidents

Noise Hazard

<p>Understanding the Product Life Cycle is essential for businesses because it helps them to plan and manage their products effectively. By understanding which stages a product is in, businesses can make informed decisions about marketing, pricing, and product development. They can also anticipate changes in the market and plan accordingly.</p>
<h2>Advantages</h2>
<p>PLC offers numerous advantages, impacting the marketing strategy and financial performance. By implementing this approach, you can reap these benefits.</p>
<ul>
<li>Make informed decisions according to the life cycle stage</li>
<li>Boost Return on Investment (ROI) on product launches</li>
<li>Profitable growth of the company</li>
<li>Adapt your marketing messages pro-actively to stay relevant to your target audience</li>
<li>Retain and improve customer loyalty, reputation, and product appeal</li>
</ul>
<h2>Disadvantages</h2>
<p>On the other hand, a poorly managed product life cycle will result in the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>The product fails to meet its potential</li>
<li>Reduced shelf life</li>
<li>An excess of inventory</li>
<li>A decrease in profits</li>
<li>Entering the market decline stage too early</li>
</ul>
<h2>Limitations</h2>
<p>One limitation is that the length of each stage can vary greatly depending on the product and industry. Some products may have a short introduction phase, while others may have a long growth phase. Additionally, the product life cycle does not account for external factors such as consumer trends, economic conditions, or competition changes.</p>
<p>The model assumes that the product is steady throughout its lifecycle and that there are no significant changes to the product or market. However, in reality, businesses may need to adjust their products or marketing strategies in response to changes in the market.</p>
<h2>PLC vs. BCG Matrix</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.bcg.com/">Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix</a> is another analytical tool for assessing the market positioning of a product. It categorizes products by their market growth and market.</p>
<p>And unlike PLC, which has five stages, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/bcg-matrix/">BCG Matrix</a> has four.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Stars</strong> &#8211; products with a high growth rate and a high market share.</li>
<li><strong>Cash cows</strong> &#8211; products with a low growth rate and a high market share.</li>
<li><strong>Question marks</strong> &#8211; often called &#8220;problem children,&#8221; these products have a high growth rate and low market share.</li>
<li><strong>Dogs</strong> &#8211; products with a low growth rate and market share.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Stages of PLC</h2>
<h3>Development</h3>
<p>The product life cycle starts with development. It&#8217;s where market research begins. Before launching your product, you&#8217;ll refine your concept, test your product, and create a launch strategy. Concept testing with potential users is crucial in this step. It helps you understand your target market&#8217;s reaction to your concept and make changes based on their feedback before creating the product.</p>
<p>When launching a new product, there will be costs before generating income. Financing may come from personal funds or investors, but limited funding and high risk exist. To attract investors and customers, create a brief sketch or prototype to showcase market potential. Validate the market early to start raising funds for the launch.</p>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>When a product is launched, it enters the introduction stage of its life cycle. During this stage, the marketing team&#8217;s primary focus is to create product awareness and reach the target market. Content marketing and inbound marketing strategies help in promoting the product.</p>
<p>The time spent at this stage can vary based on product complexity, competition, innovation, and other factors. Success in this stage can lead to progression to the next stage.</p>
<h3>Growth</h3>
<p>Consumers are now purchasing the product in response to<a href="https://business.adobe.com/blog/basics/product-life-cycle-stages-and-how-to-use-them"> marketing campaigns</a>. Demand and profits are rising, and competitors seek to challenge your success.</p>
<p>In this stage, marketing shifts from getting attention to establishing a brand presence. You need to demonstrate why your brand is better than the competition. Your company may add new product features, enhance support services, and expand distribution channels as it grows. These efforts should be a key focus of your marketing strategy.</p>
<h3>Maturity</h3>
<p>Growth slowdown marks the start of the<a href="https://emeritus.org/blog/different-stages-of-product-life-cycle/"> maturity stage</a>. At this point, the market may reach a saturation point as competition increases despite high consumer usage. Lowering your prices might be required to remain competitive. Additionally, during this stage, sales remain steady while costs decrease.</p>
<p>Unlike the initial stages, where your marketing efforts focus on product awareness, at this stage, your marketing should focus on highlighting your distinct product features, strengths, and<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/qfd/voice-of-the-customer/"> customer service</a>. Otherwise, you&#8217;ll enter the decline stage too soon.</p>
<h3>Decline</h3>
<p>If your brand loses popularity among consumers, it may enter the final stage. As the market expands, competition will increase, and market share will be divided among various players. And an increase in competition often leads to a decrease in sales.</p>
<h2>Factors Affecting the Product Life Cycle</h2>
<p>While you can manage your product&#8217;s concept, positioning, and marketing internally, external factors can also play a role in its life cycle. Some examples of external factors that can impact the PLC are listed below.</p>
<h3>Ease of Entry</h3>
<p>Factors like expenses, market size, and barriers to entry also play a role. With little competition and low barriers, your product&#8217;s life cycle may be shorter. On the other hand, higher levels of these factors may make entry harder but lead to a longer product lifespan.</p>
<h3>Technological Advancements</h3>
<p>Industries with fast tech advancement, such as cell phones, tablets, or computers, tend to have short product lifecycles. Maintaining competitiveness requires understanding the pace of tech evolution, your target market&#8217;s needs, and when to improve your product.</p>
<h3>Market Acceptance Rate</h3>
<p>The consumer acceptance rate is a significant factor in determining the life cycle of a product. Analyzing the life cycles of comparable products can provide insight into your acceptance rate. Conducting market research can aid in forecasting the speed of adoption and acceptance of your product.</p>
<h3>Economic Forces</h3>
<p>During the height of the pandemic lockdowns, people spent less or were more selective in buying habits, resulting in an extended introductory phase for new products. Strong spending can shorten the introductory phase and extend the growth phase. Economic forces are dependent on your product, target market, and industry.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Digitize the way you Work&#8221; body=&#8221;Empower your team with SafetyCulture to perform checks, train staff, report issues, and automate tasks with our digital platform.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Get Started for Free&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://app.safetyculture.com/sign-up&#8221;]</p>
<h2>Examples of PLC</h2>
<p>Below are some examples of product life cycles for some brands.</p>
<h3>Coca-Cola</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Development</strong> &#8211; there is little information available about the formulation and development of Coca-Cola.</li>
<li><strong>Introduction</strong> &#8211; in 1886, the year of the brand&#8217;s founding, the brand appeared to have the right idea.</li>
<li><strong>Growth</strong> &#8211; Coca-Cola surpassed consumption in all states in the US within ten years of its launch.</li>
<li><strong>Maturity</strong> &#8211; while it&#8217;s impossible to pinpoint precisely when the brand reached maturity, it&#8217;s safe to say that most of its history has been spent in this stage.</li>
<li><strong>Decline</strong> &#8211; Coca-Cola&#8217;s net operating revenue has experienced a decline since 2012, which is typical for a mature stage. However, it is essential to continue investing in marketing and new products.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Havaianas</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Development</strong> &#8211; Japanese sandals made of straw or wood are believed to be the origin of traditional flip-flops. In Brazil, however, rubber was chosen as the material due to its perceived popularity among the audience.</li>
<li><strong>Introduction</strong> &#8211; the product&#8217;s introduction to the market proved successful among the C, D, and E classes, whether intentionally or not.</li>
<li><strong>Growth</strong> &#8211; Havaianas flip-flops experienced significant growth throughout their existence and eventually achieved a dominant<a href="https://hbr.org/1965/11/exploit-the-product-life-cycle"> market share</a> of over 90 percent for flip-flops.</li>
<li><strong>Maturity</strong> &#8211; during the 1990s, there was a shift in product design and marketing aimed at a new demographic. Well-known actors starred in TV commercials, contributing to the industry&#8217;s growth and development.</li>
<li><strong>Decline</strong> &#8211; there is no indication that Havaianas flip-flops will undergo this phase soon.</li>
</ul>
<h2>How to Use the Product Life Cycle</h2>
<p>To use the<a href="https://neilpatel.com/blog/product-life-cycle/"> product life cycle</a>, here are some ideas to follow:</p>
<h3>Establish Authority Over Competitors</h3>
<p>During the<a href="https://articles.bplans.com/what-is-a-product-life-cycle/"> introduction stage</a>, the priority is to position your product in the market as the most desirable option based on the chosen benefit, whether it be affordability, luxury, or any other factor. The goal is to distinguish your product from competitors and position your brand as a credible expert in the industry.</p>
<h3>Develop Pricing Strategies</h3>
<p>Pricing strategies vary as products go through their life cycle. Introductory pricing is a marketing strategy that involves positioning oneself against competitors. Product pricing may vary during growth due to feature additions, availability, and other considerations. Competitive pricing can result in price reductions as a business becomes more mature. A decline typically results in a decrease in price or a return to the beginning.</p>
<h3>Develop a Successful Marketing Strategy</h3>
<p>Each stage of the product life cycle presents opportunities to refine your<a href="https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/wholefarm/html/c5-211.html"> marketing strategy</a>. During the introduction stage, you will test ads, explore channels, and connect with your target audience. In the<a href="https://openstax.org/books/introduction-business/pages/11-8-the-product-life-cycle"> growth stage</a>, use great content to connect on your channels. In maturity, you may try new messaging, different media, and other ways to delay the decline.</p>


Why is the Product Life Cycle Important?

Can the Product Life Cycle Only Be Applied to Products?

When to Use the Product Life Cycle

What is Product Life Cycle Management?

FAQs About Product Life Cycle

Product Life Cycle: Importance for Business

people conducting a product life cycle meeting

Product Life Cycle

<p>Agile methodologies prioritize customer satisfaction, delivering working products quickly and frequently, and responding to change over following a rigid plan. The approach values individuals and interactions over processes and tools and encourages face-to-face communication and teamwork.</p>
<p>Agile methodologies have become increasingly popular as businesses strive to stay competitive in dynamic markets. By implementing Agile practices, teams can quickly adapt to changing requirements and customer needs, resulting in products that meet or exceed expectations.</p>
<h2>The Philosophy</h2>
<p>Agile project management has gained widespread adoption and is now considered the industry standard, with<a href="https://stateofagile.com/#ufh-i-615706098-14th-annual-state-of-agile-report/7027494"> approximately 95 percent of organizations</a> utilizing some form of Agile.</p>
<p>In Agile projects, several smaller cycles are called <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/scrum/sprint-planning/">Sprints</a>. Each sprint is a mini-project within the predefined scope of work with a backlog and design, implementation, testing, and deployment stages.</p>
<p>The goal of each sprint is to deliver a potentially shippable increment of the product. The product gains new features each iteration, leading to gradual project expansion. The risk of providing a product that may fail is reduced by validating the features in the earlier stages of development.</p>
<h2>Benefits</h2>
<p>Software development often uses agile project management because software changes constantly. Despite this, the Agile methodology applies to any project since it offers several benefits, including.</p>
<h3>Promotes Adaptability</h3>
<p>Agile processes allow for quick strategy shifts without disrupting the project flow. Unlike other methods, such as the waterfall method, where each phase flows into the other, making strategy shifts challenging and disrupting the project roadmap. That&#8217;s why Agile project management is favored in projects such as software development.</p>
<h3>Fosters Collaborative Teamwork</h3>
<p>One of the principles of Agile methodology asserts that face-to-face communication is the most efficient way to interact with the project team. This principle and encouragement to break down project silos are a recipe for collaborative teamwork. Despite advancements in technology and more remote-friendly work policies, the importance of face-to-face interaction remains unchanged.</p>
<h3>Focuses On Customer Needs</h3>
<p>Agile methodologies prioritize customer needs and center the development process around delivering value. By comprehending and fulfilling the <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/iatf-16949/customer-specific-requirements/">customer&#8217;s requirements</a>, the development team can create a product that meets their needs and achieves the desired outcomes.</p>
<p>Agile teams utilize a process of continuous feedback and iteration, seeking input from customers throughout the development of a project to ensure the final product meets their expectations.</p>
<h2>What are the 4 Pillars of Agile?</h2>
<p>According to the Agile Manifesto, Agile project management has four main pillars, which are outlined below:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Individuals over processes and tools</strong> &#8211; Agile teams prioritize collaboration and teamwork, placing less emphasis on independent work and rigid adherence to protocols.</li>
<li><strong>Working software over comprehensive documentation</strong> &#8211; The main focus for Agile teams is to develop functional software, while documentation is less of a priority.</li>
<li><strong>Customer collaboration over contract negotiation</strong> &#8211; Customers are given a significant role in guiding the direction of software development. As such, customer collaboration holds greater importance than the specifics of contract negotiation.</li>
<li><strong>Adapting to changes rather than following a plan</strong> &#8211; Agile offers flexibility, enabling teams to promptly adjust their strategies and workflows without disrupting the whole project.</li>
</ul>
<h2>What are the 12 Agile Principles?</h2>
<p>From the four pillars of Agile methodology, 12 principles exist to create and support a work environment focused on customer satisfaction, align to business objectives, and respond and pivot quickly as user needs and market forces change. Below are the 12 principles.</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Deliver customer satisfaction through early, continuous improvement</strong> &#8211; <a href="https://hbr.org/2016/05/embracing-agile">Regular updates</a> increase the likelihood of customers seeing desired changes in the product. Consequently, this can improve customer satisfaction and recurring revenue increase.</li>
<li><strong>Embrace change, even late in a project</strong> &#8211; The Agile framework prioritizes adaptability. In iterative processes such as Agile methodology, lacking flexibility can result in negative consequences.</li>
<li><strong>Deliver value frequently</strong> &#8211; Churn is less likely to occur when you often deliver value to your customers or stakeholders.</li>
<li><strong>Break the silos of your projects</strong> &#8211; Effective collaboration is a crucial aspect of the Agile framework. Hence, the objective is to encourage individuals to collaborate and collaborate on projects more often.</li>
<li><strong>Build projects around motivated individuals</strong> &#8211; Teams that work actively to achieve goals are more likely to succeed using agile methods.</li>
<li><strong>The most effective way to communicate is face-to-face</strong> &#8211; Those working on distributed teams are recommended to prioritize communication methods that involve face-to-face interaction, such as Zoom calls.</li>
<li><strong>Working software is the primary measure of progress</strong> &#8211; The primary objective of teams using the Agile framework is to develop functional software above all other considerations successfully.</li>
<li><strong>Maintain a sustainable working pace</strong> &#8211; The Agile methodology involves a certain level of speed, but it&#8217;s essential to maintain a pace that doesn&#8217;t lead to burnout among team members. The objective is to ensure sustainability throughout the project.</li>
<li><strong>Continuous excellence enhances agility</strong> &#8211; Maintaining operational excellence allows for smoother adaptation to changes and increased agility.</li>
<li><strong>Simplicity is essential</strong> &#8211; The most effective solution can often be simple. Agile aims to simplify solutions for complex issues without unnecessary complications.</li>
<li><strong>Self-organizing teams generate the most value</strong> &#8211; Proactive teams can provide significant value to the company through their efforts to deliver results.</li>
<li><strong>Regularly reflect and adjust your work to boost effectiveness</strong> &#8211; Retrospective meetings are a common practice in Agile methodology. The development team reviews their performance and changes for future improvements.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Agile Methodologies</h2>
<p>The Agile framework encompasses various iterations. Here are some of the widely used Agile methodologies:</p>
<h3>Kanban</h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/kanban/">Kanban</a> is a methodology that allows organizations to visualize their workflow and set limits for work in progress. This method is utilized when tasks are received unexpectedly and require immediate execution for other pending tasks without delay.</p>
<h3>Lean</h3>
<p>The<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/house-of-lean/"> Lean</a> methodology uses tools and principles to reduce waste to enhance<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/product-development/"> process development</a> speed. The goal is to optimize value and minimize waste. Lean is utilized in various industries that generate waste.</p>
<h3>Scrum</h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/scrum/">Scrum</a> is a framework utilized by teams to create a hypothesis, experiment, analyze the results, and make necessary modifications. Teams using this methodology can incorporate practices from various frameworks as required. The process involves cross-functional teams working on product development, with the work being divided into multiple 2-4 week iterations.</p>
<h3>Crystal</h3>
<p>This methodology focuses on human interactions rather than on tools and processes. It operates based on the principle that projects are dynamic and unique, intending to optimize processes. Crystal emphasizes team communication, continuous integration, user involvement, and adaptable processes.</p>
<h3>Extreme Programming (XP)</h3>
<p><a href="https://www.planview.com/resources/guide/agile-methodologies-a-beginners-guide/">Extreme Programming (XP)</a> is commonly utilized in software development. It emphasizes values that promote teamwork and includes regular releases and iterations but differs in its technical approach. XP is ideal for teams that need to swiftly release and address customer needs, focusing on the method of achieving this goal.</p>
<h3>Adaptive Project Framework (APF)</h3>
<p>Also known as Adaptive Project Management (APM). It was developed to address the potential for unforeseen factors during a project, particularly in IT, where traditional project management may be less effective. The framework operates under the premise that project resources are subject to change, including budget, timelines, and team member transitions. This approach prioritizes a project&#8217;s existing resources over those that may be required.</p>
<h3>Extreme Project Management (XPM)</h3>
<p>Projects with notable unpredictability often require this project management approach. It involves continuously adjusting processes until the intended outcome is achieved. This type of project includes numerous impromptu modifications, and it is not uncommon for teams to alter strategies weekly.</p>
<h3>Adaptive Software Development (ASD)</h3>
<p>This methodology facilitates teams in adapting to changing requirements efficiently. The process emphasizes continuous adaptation, and the project phases of speculation, collaboration, and learning ensure continuous learning throughout the project.</p>
<p>Teams utilizing ASD may experience all three phases simultaneously due to the non-linear structure, resulting in overlapping phases. The fluidity of this management style may increase the probability of team members rapidly identifying and solving problems through constant repetition of the three phases, as opposed to traditional <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/project-management-system/">project management</a> approaches.</p>
<h3>Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)</h3>
<p>This methodology emphasizes a comprehensive project lifecycle, resulting in a more rigid structure and foundation than other Agile methodologies.</p>
<p>DSDM consists of four phases:</p>
<ol>
<li>Feasibility and business study</li>
<li>Functional mode or prototype iteration</li>
<li>Design and build iteration</li>
<li>Implementation</li>
</ol>
<h3>Feature Driven Development (FDD)</h3>
<p>Customer input is vital to this methodology because the team prioritizes the features that customers need. This model allows teams to update projects frequently and quickly implement fixes if there are errors. The phases of the framework are constantly moving, making it easy to cycle through and update projects.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Digitize the way you Work&#8221; body=&#8221;Empower your team with SafetyCulture to perform checks, train staff, report issues, and automate tasks with our digital platform.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Get Started for Free&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://app.safetyculture.com/sign-up&#8221;]</p>
<h2>Agile Methodology Implementation Steps</h2>
<p>After determining that<a href="https://uit.stanford.edu/pmo/agile-development-methodology"> Agile methodology</a> suits your company and projects, learning how to implement it effectively is essential. Although it may vary between companies, there are several typical steps to adhere to, as follows:</p>
<h3>Obtain the Support of Managers and Stakeholders</h3>
<p>Before implementing the new project methodology, it&#8217;s essential to ensure all team members are aligned and agree with the change. For successful implementation of Agile, it is advisable to communicate with key stakeholders, educate them on the benefits of Agile, address any concerns they may have, and respond to their inquiries.</p>
<h3>Take Small Steps</h3>
<p>Starting with a small project, obtaining feedback, and then applying it to other projects within the organization is a logical approach to implementing the Agile methodology, as incremental progress is fundamental to its success.</p>
<h3>Excite Your Team</h3>
<p>The effectiveness of Agile projects depends on the team&#8217;s level of collaboration and communication. Adopting Agile may encounter obstacles if the team lacks commitment or resistance to change. Besides, one of the key tenets of Agile prioritizes the importance of individual interactions over processes and tools.</p>
<h3>Set up Agile Teams</h3>
<p>Agile teams are self-organizing, cross-functional teams that work together to deliver customer value. Establish the right roles and ensure that the right people have the authority to make decisions and act.</p>
<h3>Adopt a Framework That Works for You</h3>
<p>There are numerous Agile frameworks and practices available for implementation. And each framework has unique requirements and areas of focus. That&#8217;s why it&#8217;s crucial to choose an Agile framework that aligns with your processes and adhere to it. For example, if you implement Scrum, ensure your team follows a daily work plan for each sprint and attends daily Scrum.</p>


When Should You Use Agile Project Management?

What is Agile Mindset?

What is a Product Backlog in Agile Methodology?

How Do You Scale Agile Adoption?

FAQs About Agile Methodologies

Getting Started with Agile Methodologies

Agile Methodologies

<h2>Benefits of Preventive Maintenace</h2>
<p>Performing <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/preventive-maintenance/">regular preventive maintenance</a> and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/preventive-maintenance-plan/">planning </a>for it have several benefits, including:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Increased efficiency:</strong> Preventive maintenance ensures that equipment and systems are operating at optimal levels, reducing the risk of breakdowns and downtime, costs, and risks, all while increasing workplace productivity. </li>
<li><strong>Improved safety and compliance:</strong> Conducting regular preventive maintenance can identify potential safety hazards and ensure that equipment is compliant with regulatory requirements. </li>
<li><strong>Extended lifespan of equipment:</strong> In addition to improved safety, preventive maintenance can also extend the lifespan of equipment, reducing the need for replacement and the associated costs.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Examples of Preventive Maintenance</h2>
<p>The most well-known acts of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/preventive-maintenance/">preventive maintenance </a>often involve performing inspections, clearing equipment, parts, and workspaces, replacing broken or worn-out items, and repairing them if needed. </p>
<p>Some specific examples of preventive maintenance can be categorized into the following:</p>
<h3>Manufacturing</h3>
<p>Preventive maintenance tasks are often associated with equipment and machinery that are used in manufacturing. Some examples of these are”</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Conveyor belt maintenance:</strong> This involves regularly inspecting the machine and conveyor belts for wear and tear, lubricating the moving parts, and replacing any worn-out or damaged components to prevent breakdowns.</li>
<li><strong>Robot maintenance:</strong> Common maintenance tasks related to robot operations include checking their mechanical joints, inspecting theirinternal and external motor and sensors, lubricating their moving parts, and replacing any worn-out or damaged parts to ensure they operate efficiently.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Transport</h3>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/car-maintenance/">Cars</a>, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/heavy-vehicle-inspection/">trucks</a>, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/aviation/">planes</a>, and other modes of transport are also known to <a href="https://allaboutautomotive.com/2017/02/07/what-is-the-true-definition-of-preventive-maintenance-when-it-comes-to-your-vehicle/">require </a>preventive maintenance in order to remain in good working order. Some of the most common preventive maintenance examples associated with them include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Replacing and maintaining break pads</li>
<li>Inspecting engine status before and after travel</li>
<li>Having gases and other fluids inspected or changed regularly </li>
<li>Keeping track of consumed mileage so as not to overwork the mode of transport</li>
</ul>
<h3>Hospitality</h3>
<p>The hospitality industry covers a wide range of occupations and workplaces, such as kitchens, restaurants, hotels, and more. Many of the preventive maintenance examples seen in the construction category are also seen here. Other common examples relate to:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Kitchen equipment maintenance:</strong> Regular maintenance of kitchen equipment such as ovens, refrigerators, and dishwashers involves cleaning and sanitizing the equipment, checking for leaks, and replacing any worn-out or damaged parts to prevent breakdowns and ensure the equipment is safe to use.</li>
<li><strong>Restaurant seating area:</strong> Furniture like chairs, tables, and couches also need preventive maintenance. As multiple customers often use them, assessing their conditions before and after use to ensure that they are in good and safe working condition is important. </li>
<li><strong><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/hvac-systems/">HVAC maintenance</a>: </strong>When it comes to maintaining heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, common preventative maintenance examples associated with them include inspecting and cleaning the filters, checking for leaks and refrigerant levels, and replacing any worn-out or damaged components to ensure a smooth operation that will provide a comfortable environment for guests.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Construction</h3>
<p>Building construction and maintenance are also important preventive maintenance examples. This includes inspecting the building&#8217;s structure, plumbing, electrical systems, and HVAC systems for any signs of wear and tear. Regular maintenance can help prevent costly repairs and ensure the building remains safe and functional.</p>
<p>Heavy equipment also need to be regularly inspected and maintained to prevent any breakages and safety risks. Regular maintenance of heavy equipment such as cranes, bulldozers, and excavators involves checking the hydraulic systems, engine oil, brakes, and other components to prevent breakdowns and ensure efficient operation.</p>


Most Common Preventive Maintenance Examples

men showing a preventive maintenance example

Preventive Maintenance Examples

<p>Benchmarking can benefit various areas, such as financial performance, customer satisfaction, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/benchmarking/product-benchmarking/">product</a> quality, and operational efficiency. It can help companies set realistic goals and targets, improve their processes and operations, reduce costs, and enhance their competitiveness in the market. However, choosing appropriate benchmarks and considering each company&#8217;s context and unique characteristics is important in benchmarking.</p>
<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>
<h3><strong>Plan and Set Goals</strong></h3>
<p>Benchmarking can help you set goals that are <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/smart-goals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound</a> (<a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/smart-goals/">SMART</a>). For example, suppose you discover that your competitors have a higher customer satisfaction rating than you do. In that case, you can set a goal to improve your customer service and increase your satisfaction rating by a certain percentage within a specific timeframe.</p>
<p>Additionally, benchmarking can help you identify trends and best practices in your industry for the future. By studying the strategies and tactics of successful businesses, you can adopt and adapt them to your own business to stay competitive and innovative.</p>
<h3><strong>Know Your Company&#8217;s Advantages</strong></h3>
<p>Benchmarking helps compare a company&#8217;s performance in different areas, such as sales growth, profitability, customer satisfaction, and employee productivity. By analyzing these metrics, you can identify areas where your company is performing well and use that information to develop strategies to build on those strengths.</p>
<p>For example, if your company has higher customer satisfaction than your competitors, you can use that advantage to differentiate your brand and attract more customers. You can also use benchmarking to identify areas where your company is falling behind and develop strategies to address those weaknesses.</p>
<h3><strong>Perform Competitive Analysis</strong></h3>
<p>Analyzing competitors can offer valuable information about their strategies, aiding in making informed decisions for gaining a competitive advantage in business. For example, you may discover that your competitors have a solid social media presence, so you can focus on building a better social media strategy for your own business.</p>
<p>Another benefit of a <a href="https://www.qualtrics.com/blog/competitive-benchmarking/">competitive analysis</a> is that it can help you identify gaps in the market. By studying your competitors, you may discover areas where they are not meeting customer needs or are not yet operating. It allows you to fill that gap and gain market share.</p>
<h3><strong>Monitor Performance</strong></h3>
<p>Depending on what you aim to accomplish, benchmarking involves analyzing current data trends and projecting future trends. You can see how your business performs over weeks, months, or even years by tracking your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), such as sales, customer satisfaction, and employee turnover. By analyzing this data, you can make informed decisions about your business&#8217;s direction and adjust your strategy accordingly.</p>
<h3><strong>Promote Continuous Improvement</strong></h3>
<p>Benchmarking provides a clear understanding of the gaps between your current performance and that of your competitors or industry leaders. You can use this information to develop strategies for setting new business goals and targets.</p>
<p>By continuously improving your business, you can stay ahead of the competition and remain relevant in a rapidly changing market. You can also build a culture of innovation and excellence within your organization, increasing <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/employee-engagement/">employee engagement</a> and customer loyalty.</p>
<h3><strong>Encourage Ownership</strong></h3>
<p>When employees are involved in the benchmarking process, they become more invested in the company&#8217;s success because they have a stake in the outcome. This sense of ownership can lead to increased motivation, higher morale, and improved performance.</p>
<p>Engaging your employees during benchmarking will allow you to harness their expertise and knowledge. They can provide valuable insights into the company&#8217;s processes and help identify areas for improvement. When employees are allowed to participate in benchmarking, they feel valued and respected, which can lead to increased loyalty and retention.</p>
<h2><strong>Types of Benchmarking</strong></h2>
<h3><strong>Process Benchmarking</strong></h3>
<p><a href="https://www.thehackettgroup.com/process-benchmarking-hackett/">Process benchmarking</a> compares an organization&#8217;s processes to those within the same industry. It aims to identify optimal practices and enhance processes to achieve comparable outcomes.</p>
<p>To begin process benchmarking, you must identify the processes you want to benchmark. For example, these may include production, customer service, or supply chain management processes. Once you&#8217;ve identified your processes, you&#8217;ll need to find organizations known for excelling in those same processes.</p>
<h3><strong>Strategic Benchmarking</strong></h3>
<p><a href="https://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategic-benchmarking-10076.html">Strategic benchmarking</a> focuses on an organization&#8217;s overall strategies and processes. It involves comparing your organization&#8217;s strategic goals, objectives, and procedures with those of industry leaders or competitors to identify improvements.</p>
<p>Strategic benchmarking typically involves analyzing various metrics, including financial performance, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/customer-satisfaction-surveys/">customer satisfaction</a>, employee engagement, and operational efficiency. It may also include conducting surveys or interviews with customers, employees, and other stakeholders to gather feedback and insights.</p>
<h3><strong>Performance Benchmarking</strong></h3>
<p>This type of benchmarking is beneficial for identifying areas where a company may be underperforming compared to its competitors and for identifying best practices for improving performance.</p>
<p>To conduct <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/benchmarking/performance-benchmarking/">performance benchmarking</a>, a company typically <a href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/11344/chapter/5">collects data</a> on KPIs such as revenue growth, profitability, customer satisfaction, and employee productivity. Using this data, you can compare your performance to industry benchmarks or competitors.</p>
<h2><strong>How Do You Set up a Benchmark?</strong></h2>
<h3><strong>Step 1: Planning</strong></h3>
<p>The initial stage of benchmarking is crucial, as it involves planning and identifying areas for improvement, selecting benchmarking targets, and defining success criteria. The planning phase provides the necessary groundwork for subsequent data collection and analysis steps.</p>
<h3><strong>Step 2: Data Collection</strong></h3>
<p>After planning, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/data-collection/data-collection-techniques/"> data collection</a> involves collecting information on your processes and how competitors do them. It also involves gathering information about your organization&#8217;s performance and comparing it to other organizations in your industry or similar industries. The data collected can be internal or external and should focus on the areas identified in the planning stage.</p>
<p>Data collection involves utilizing both internal and external sources. And it&#8217;s important to carefully select and verify the data to maintain accuracy, relevance, and currentness. Internal sources include accounting software, CRM systems, and production databases, while external sources may consist of industry reports, customer surveys, and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/swot-analysis/"> competitor analysis</a>.</p>
<h3><strong>Step 3: Data Analysis</strong></h3>
<p>An analysis is required to identify potential improvement areas. Objectivity is essential to acknowledge that no business is flawless. The examination of data can lead to the creation of a report and discussion of the following steps to enhance performance.</p>
<h3><strong>Step 4: Action Plan Presentation</strong></h3>
<p>Once you have completed the benchmarking process, it&#8217;s time to present your action plans to the relevant stakeholders. It&#8217;s a critical step in the benchmarking process because it&#8217;s where you&#8217;ll demonstrate the value of the process and the potential impact on the business.</p>
<p>When presenting your action plans, it&#8217;s essential to be clear and concise. Use data and visuals to support your recommendations, and be prepared to answer any questions or objections that may arise.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s also essential to tailor your presentation to your audience. For example, when presenting to senior executives, focus on the big picture and how your recommendations align with the company&#8217;s strategic goals. If you&#8217;re presenting to a team of managers, provide more detail on the specific actions required to implement the recommendations.</p>
<h3><strong>Step 5: Monitoring</strong></h3>
<p>Monitoring is a crucial step in creating a successful benchmarking process. Once you have established your benchmarks, monitoring your progress and performance against them is essential. It&#8217;ll allow you to identify areas where you need to improve and make necessary adjustments to achieve your goals.</p>
<p>There are several ways to monitor your business, depending on its nature and your established benchmarks. For example, you may need to track sales figures, customer satisfaction ratings, employee productivity, or website traffic. Spreadsheets, software programs, and dashboards can help you analyze your data and keep track of your progress. And depending on the desired outcomes, monitoring can be over a short or long period.<br />
[sc_cta title=&#8221;Digitize the way you Work&#8221; body=&#8221;Empower your team with SafetyCulture to perform checks, train staff, report issues, and automate tasks with our digital platform.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Get Started for Free&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://app.safetyculture.com/sign-up&#8221;]</p>


Should Benchmarking Be Done Every Time?

What Should You Consider When Benchmarking?

What is the Most Important Goal of Benchmarking?

Why is Benchmarking a Better Planning Tool?

FAQs About Benchmarking

What Benchmarking Can Do for Your Business

Benchmarking

<p>OKRs should be ambitious, but they should also be attainable. They should push individuals and teams to stretch beyond their comfort zones and aim for higher performance. OKRs should also be transparent, so everyone can see what the company is working towards.</p>
<p>Reviewing OKRs regularly, usually quarterly, can help you track your progress and adjust as necessary. It helps to ensure that the organization stays focused on its most important priorities and continues to make progress toward its long-term goals.</p>
<h2><strong>Who Created the OKR Methodology?</strong></h2>
<p>The OKR methodology was created by <a href="https://okrfaq.com/introduction-to-okrs/whats-the-history-of-okrs-when-and-how-did-okrs-get-started/">Andrew Grove</a>, the former CEO of Intel, in the 1980s. Grove developed the OKR system to help Intel set and achieve its goals more efficiently and effectively. John Doerr, a venture capitalist who worked with Grove at Intel, has popularized the methodology and has since introduced the OKR system to many other companies.</p>
<p>Grove believed traditional goal-setting methods were too rigid and didn&#8217;t allow the flexibility needed to adapt to changing circumstances. With OKRs, he sought to create a system allowing more agility and responsiveness while providing a clear roadmap for success.</p>
<p>Many successful companies, including Google, Netflix, and Allbirds, have since adopted the OKR methodology. Its popularity is partly due to its simplicity and flexibility and its ability to align individual and team goals with larger business objectives. Companies can achieve greater clarity, focus, and success by setting measurable, achievable goals and tracking progress through regular check-ins.</p>
<h2><strong>What&#8217;s the Difference Between OKR and KPI?</strong></h2>
<p>While both OKR and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) measure progress and success in a business, they serve different purposes.</p>
<p>KPIs are specific metrics chosen to measure the performance of a particular aspect of a business. For example, a KPI might be the sales made in a particular period or the average customer satisfaction rating. A KPI is often used to track progress toward a particular goal.</p>
<p>On the other hand, OKRs are a more comprehensive framework for setting and achieving goals. Several key results support a specific objective. The key results are measurable milestones that indicate progress toward the objective. An OKR is typically set quarterly and aims to align the efforts of an entire team or organization.</p>
<p>Below is a summary of their differences:</p>
<div class="table">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Objectives and Key Results (OKRs)</strong></td>
<td><strong>Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Strategy Execution Framework</td>
<td>Operating Metrics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3-5 Objectives, 4-6 Key Results</td>
<td>100s of measures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Time-bound, Quarterly</td>
<td>On-going</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Focus on the “What” and “Why” of work</td>
<td>Focus on measurement of activities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Outcome-oriented</td>
<td>Activity-oriented</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Focuses on the most important outcomes</td>
<td>Provides updates on company activities, but no context or learning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Aligns vertically and laterally</td>
<td>(Not meant as an alignment tool)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Teams develop OKRs from top-level objectives</td>
<td>Authored and managed top-down</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Leading and lagging measures</td>
<td>Primarily lagging measures</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h2><strong>Benefits</strong></h2>
<p>Although some may view OKRs as a simple goal-setting approach, the true transformational power lies in the mindset behind the framework. In the book <i>Measure What Matters</i>, Doerr outlines the four unique &#8220;superpowers&#8221; of OKRs that differentiate the system from other goal-setting frameworks:</p>
<h3><strong>Focus</strong></h3>
<p>OKRs provide a framework for identifying top priorities and allow teams to decline non-essential tasks. The focus provided by OKRs is significant in today&#8217;s fast-paced business environment, where distractions and competing priorities can quickly derail progress toward meaningful goals.</p>
<p>By setting objectives aligned with overall business strategy and identifying key results that measure progress towards those objectives, OKRs keep teams focused and prevent distractions.</p>
<h3><strong>Alignment</strong></h3>
<p>OKRs offer a dual goal-setting approach, encompassing top-down and bottom-up methods. Although the company sets high-level, strategic OKRs (top-down), teams and individuals determine their OKRs based on how best to meet the company&#8217;s goals (bottom-up).</p>
<p>It requires regular check-ins to ensure that everyone is on track. Managers should conduct regular progress reviews and offer <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/employee-engagement/">feedback to their employees</a>. In cases where an employee&#8217;s goals don&#8217;t align with the company&#8217;s objectives, managers can work with them to realign their goals.</p>
<h3><strong>Accountability</strong></h3>
<p>OKRs promote a mindset of accountability without judgment. Establishing clear deadlines, utilizing objective measurement, and conducting regular check-ins can help ensure prompt action is taken if necessary and maintain focus on key results.</p>
<p>In today&#8217;s business, where quantifying output can be challenging, OKRs serve as an agreed-upon framework for evaluating progress, obstacles, and necessary adjustments.</p>
<h3><strong>Growth</strong></h3>
<p>When properly utilized, OKRs can provide a solid incentive to push individuals, teams, or companies beyond their current capabilities. Setting OKRs involves embracing discomfort and accepting failure as a natural learning process.</p>
<h2><strong>Components of an OKR</strong></h2>
<p>The standard format for OKRs includes one objective at the top, with 3-5 key results underneath to support it. Below are descriptions of each component:</p>
<h3><strong>Objectives</strong></h3>
<p>An objective is a statement outlining the direction and intention of an organization or team. However, the purpose is not to summarize the team&#8217;s achievement process. Here are some characteristics of the Objectives component:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Aspirational</strong> &#8211; Objectives inspire and motivate individuals to achieve a desired future state. They&#8217;re <a href="https://www.cio.com/article/222203/okr-objectives-and-key-results-defined.html">ambitious goals</a> that may seem unattainable, but they encourage teams to aim higher than before.</li>
<li><strong>Not Measurable</strong> &#8211; Objectives and Key Results serve different purposes, with Key Results providing numerical and <a href="https://felipecastro.com/en/okr/what-is-okr/">measurable goals</a>.</li>
<li><strong>Short or Long-Term</strong> &#8211; Objectives can vary in duration, ranging from short-term goals that last a quarter to long-term goals that may take months or years to achieve.</li>
<li><strong>Five or Less</strong> &#8211; Teams should limit their quarterly objectives to 3-5 to maximize productivity.</li>
</ul>
<h3><strong>Key Results (KRs)</strong></h3>
<p>Meanwhile, key results are used to measure the progress of an objective, as they provide tangible outcomes that contribute to its advancement. Here are their characteristics:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Measurable</strong> &#8211; Key Results are defined by a numerical target clearly defining a completion.</li>
<li><strong>Defined Quarterly</strong> &#8211; Key Results have a defined target that can be measured and achieved within a quarter, while Objectives may have a longer time frame that spans multiple quarters or years.</li>
<li><strong>4-6 per Objective</strong> &#8211; Teams should have 4-6 KRs per Objective for optimal time and resource management.</li>
<li><strong>Outcome-Focused</strong> &#8211; Effective KRs prioritize the desired outcome over specific activities, emphasizing achieving intended results rather than simply completing tasks on a list.</li>
</ul>
<h2><strong>How Do You Measure the Success of OKRs?</strong></h2>
<p>The OKR grading method utilizes a numerical scale of 0.0 to 1.0 to assess success by calculating average completion rates for all key results and disseminating objective-related data.</p>
<ul>
<li>A grade of 70-100 percent (0.7-1.0) completion of our OKR, then the status is &#8220;green,&#8221; meaning we achieved impact.</li>
<li>A grade of 40-60 percent (0.4-0.6) completion of our OKR, then the status is &#8220;yellow,&#8221; meaning we made progress toward an impact but fell short.</li>
<li>A grade of less than 30 percent (0.0-0.3), the status is &#8220;red,&#8221; meaning that we failed to make significant progress.</li>
</ul>
<h2><strong>Common Mistakes to Avoid</strong></h2>
<p>Developing effective OKRs requires practice and an iterative learning process that may take several quarters to refine. Avoid these common mistakes when starting your OKR to ensure success:</p>
<h3><strong>Having an Unbalanced Number of OKRs</strong></h3>
<p>Setting too many OKRs is a common mistake many organizations make. It happens when there are too many objectives, and the key priorities get lost. Additionally, organizations tend to link only one key result to each objective, which may not be enough to achieve them.</p>
<h3><strong>Setting Objectives That Are Too High or Too Low</strong></h3>
<p>Having overly ambitious objectives is essential, but setting unrealistic ones is a common mistake in OKRs. These unachievable business goals can demotivate employees instead of challenging them. On the other hand, setting very easy objectives can lead to a lack of challenge and motivation for employees.</p>
<p>In either case, the significance of the OKRs is lost, and they fail to make an impact, resulting in the underutilization of resources.</p>
<h3><strong>Lacking Accountability Measures</strong></h3>
<p>The absence of accountability can be crucial in the unsuccessful implementation of OKRs. Without defined roles, there may be a tendency to shift blame and evade responsibility, resulting in unsatisfactory results.</p>
<h3><strong>Adding Objectives With Low Value</strong></h3>
<p>The success of OKRs lies in their direct contribution to business growth and strategy. Effective OKRs have a measurable impact on end-user experience and profitability, while low-value ones, even when accomplished, don&#8217;t bring significant benefits and waste valuable resources.</p>
<h3><strong>Creating Open-Ended and Vague OKRs</strong></h3>
<p>OKRs lacking specificity and <a href="https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/management/objectives-and-key-results-okr/">measurable outcomes</a> are often ineffective, particularly regarding key results. The most common mistake is setting objectives and determining key results without a quantifiable measure.</p>
<h3><strong>Being Unable to Track Progress</strong></h3>
<p>Monitoring progress is crucial for achieving OKRs as it allows for the identification of improvement opportunities and ensures alignment with priorities. Failure to track progress may restrict the impact on the overall business.</p>
<h3><strong>Mistaking OKRs for Daily Tasks</strong></h3>
<p>It&#8217;s important to distinguish between OKRs and to-do lists. While daily tasks may contribute to achieving objectives and key results, it&#8217;s important not to treat OKRs like checklists of tasks.</p>
<h3><strong>Using OKRs to Evaluate Performance</strong></h3>
<p>Managers often misuse OKRs by using them to evaluate <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/how-to-conduct-an-effective-performance-appraisal/"> employees&#8217; performance</a>. It can lead to employees setting lower objectives to avoid negative consequences. OKRs should be ambitious, with a 70-80 percent achievement ratio indicating good progress. If objectives are 100 percent achieved, they may not be ambitious enough to capitalize on team members&#8217; strengths.</p>
<h2><strong>Preparing Your OKR</strong></h2>
<p>To ensure your OKR program&#8217;s success, you should keep a few factors in mind:</p>
<h3><strong>Plan Your Company&#8217;s Strategy</strong></h3>
<p>A clear understanding of an organization&#8217;s strategy is essential for effectively implementing OKR. The strategy serves as a roadmap for the company&#8217;s goals and decision-making, allowing teams and individuals to prioritize and align their work with the organization&#8217;s objectives, ultimately leading to increased business impact.</p>
<h3><strong>Ensure Leadership Support</strong></h3>
<p>Senior leadership sets an example for the company. If they don&#8217;t use OKR, neither will others. Consistent leadership commitment to OKR is essential to drive change throughout the organization.</p>
<h3><strong>Define Your Rollout Strategy</strong></h3>
<p>The approach for implementing OKR in an organization should consider the organization&#8217;s characteristics, culture, and prior experience with OKR. Here are a few ways to deploy OKRs in your organization:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>All at once</strong> &#8211; Roll out OKRs to your entire organization at once.</li>
<li><strong>Top-down</strong> &#8211; OKRs are introduced to the organization after your leadership team has piloted them.</li>
<li><strong>Department by department </strong>&#8211; An approach similar to top-down involves having a single department test OKR before implementing it across other teams and departments.</li>
</ul>
<h3><strong>Identify an Ambassador</strong></h3>
<p>The successful implementation and management of an OKR program require designated personnel within the organization, typically referred to as the &#8220;Ambassador.&#8221; The Ambassador provides comprehensive training, fosters engagement, and offers ongoing support and guidance to all OKR users.</p>
<h3><strong>Design Your OKR Program</strong></h3>
<p>An effective OKR program clarifies expectations and timelines. It includes setting cadences, timeframes, check-ins, and progress reviews. Annual OKRs are typically set at the company level, whereas quarterly OKRs are set at the<a href="https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2021/4/okrs-explained-plain-english"> team level</a>. While keeping track of progress requires weekly check-ins.</p>
<h3><strong>Train Your Teams</strong></h3>
<p>Organizations must train everyone on the OKR framework to ensure everyone speaks the same language. Online training is popular due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness, although workshops are also an option for some organizations.<br />
[sc_cta title=&#8221;Digitize the way you Work&#8221; body=&#8221;Empower your team with SafetyCulture to perform checks, train staff, report issues, and automate tasks with our digital platform.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Get Started for Free&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://app.safetyculture.com/sign-up&#8221;]</p>


Who Should Use OKRs?

How Often Should You Set OKRs?

Can You Have Multiple Objectives in OKR?

Should OKRs Be Leading or Lagging?

FAQs About Objectives and Key Results

Drive Growth with Objectives and Key Results

One-stop shop for workplace safety equipment

SafetyCulture Care, combining risk management, tech, and insurance

SafetyDocs, trusted workplace health, safety, and quality documents

Scale with confidence and dedicated support

Browse quick guides for the SafetyCulture platform

Call, email, or chat with our friendly support team

Learn from peers, share expertise, and keep connected to product news

Enter now

Win 1 of 3 Amazon gift cards to the value of $500 USD.

Safety Topics