<p>Inventory control is a key element of an <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/inventory-management-system/" rel="noopener">inventory management system</a>. Warehouse managers and production planners should adhere to the <a href="https://www.tradegecko.com/inventory-management/inventory-control" target="_blank" rel="noopener">following activities and procedures</a> in controlling their inventory:</p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li>Receiving, storing, and transferring goods</li>
<li>Placing items in strategic locations</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Tracking inventory items and their locations in the warehouse</li>
<li>Documenting product details and histories</li>
<li>Monitoring the condition of items in stock</li>
<li>Fulfilling purchase orders with stock on hand</li>
<li>Integrating barcode scanners</li>
<li>Forming reorder reports</li>
</ul>
<h2><strong>Inventory Control vs Inventory Management</strong></h2>
<p>Although these two concepts go hand in hand, there are slight differences between inventory control and inventory management. Inventory control handles existing stock in a warehouse, while inventory management involves the overall movement of goods across supply chains.</p>
<p>To quickly define, inventory includes all the goods and products of a company that are ready to sell, along with the accounting of raw materials required to produce these goods. The table below compares the two processes against their scope, goal, areas of concern, and actions.</p>
<div class="table">
<table style="height: 144px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 24px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px; background-color: #b7b7b7;"></td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px; background-color: #b7b7b7;"><strong>Inventory Control</strong></td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px; background-color: #b7b7b7;"><strong>Inventory Management</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 48px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 48px; background-color: #b7b7b7;"><strong>Scope</strong></td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 48px;">Existing inventory in the warehouse</td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 48px;">Raw materials and finished goods during the entire production lifecycle</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px; background-color: #b7b7b7;"><strong>Goal</strong></td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;">Ensuring stocks in the warehouse are enough and in good condition</td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;">Having the right inventory in the right place, at the right time, and with sufficient quantity</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px; background-color: #b7b7b7;"><strong>Areas of Concern</strong></td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;">
<ul>
<li>What items are in the inventory?</li>
<li>Where are these items located in the warehouse?</li>
<li>What is the condition and status of these items?</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;">
<ul>
<li>Which items should you order?</li>
<li>How many items do you need to order?</li>
<li>When should you order these items?</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px; background-color: #b7b7b7;"><strong>Actions</strong></td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;">
<ul>
<li>Receiving, storing, and transporting inventory</li>
<li>Checking stock items for their expiry dates, spoilage, quality issues, and so forth</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 24px;">
<ul>
<li>Predicting customer demands based on previous data</li>
<li>Reordering and managing inventory items in the supply chain</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h2><a id="types-of-inventory-control-systems"></a>Types of Inventory Control Systems</h2>
<p>An inventory control system is a technology-driven method for managing and tracking inventory, which includes raw materials, components, and finished products. These systems help businesses monitor stock levels, order quantities, and storage locations, ensuring that they have the right amount of stock at the right time.</p>
<p>There are two main types of inventory control systems: the periodic and the perpetual system. Choosing the right inventory control system will depend on the business type, size, and kind of inventory. This section discusses these two types in detail, covering their pros and cons, as well as what they’re best for.</p>
<h3>Periodic Inventory Control System</h3>
<p>The periodic inventory control system pertains to a recurring count of goods at specific intervals. In this system, warehouse managers manually count their inventory on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. The exact period depends on an <a href="https://www.ascm.org/lp/types-of-inventory-control-systems/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">organization’s needs and business activities</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pros:</strong> It’s relatively simple and easy to manage for smaller inventories. It doesn’t require any specialized technology and equipment, making it easier to train individuals in.</li>
<li><strong>Cons:</strong> It becomes a lengthy process for companies with expansive inventories. The manual counting process is also highly prone to human error.</li>
<li><strong>Best for:</strong> The periodic system is ideal for small companies with minimal inventory. It also works best for businesses selling niche products and counting larger-sized goods.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Perpetual Inventory Control System</h3>
<p>The perpetual inventory control system provides an <a href="https://www.scnsoft.com/scm/inventory-counting-with-computer-vision" target="_blank" rel="noopener">accurate count of inventory levels in real-time</a>. It utilizes technology, such as barcodes and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, for tracking products. The information is then logged in a centralized database that warehouse managers can easily access.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pros:</strong> This method removes the need for manual counting. It gives warehouse managers a snapshot of their inventory counts over a specific period of time. Doing so drives data-driven decision-making for sales, ordering, and inventory management.</li>
<li><strong>Cons:</strong> An inventory control software can be expensive to maintain. Moreover, it might not capture discrepancies due to product theft, loss, damage, and scanning errors.</li>
<li><strong>Best for:</strong> The perpetual system works best for companies with multiple locations. It’s also great for businesses maintaining large inventories.</li>
</ul>
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<h2><a id="inventory-control-techniques"></a>Inventory Control Techniques</h2>
<p>Inventory control involves various techniques for monitoring how stocks move in a warehouse. Four popular inventory control methods include <strong>ABC analysis</strong>; <strong>Last In, First Out (LIFO)</strong> and <strong>First In, First Out (FIFO)</strong>; <strong>batch tracking</strong>; and <strong>safety stock</strong>. This section explains how each of these methods functions and how they can support your business.</p>
<div id="attachment_53837" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-53837" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-53837 size-full" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Inventory-Control-Techniques.png" alt="Inventory Control Techniques" width="700" height="400" srcset="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Inventory-Control-Techniques.png 700w, https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Inventory-Control-Techniques-300x171.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><p id="caption-attachment-53837" class="wp-caption-text">Inventory Control Techniques | SafetyCulture</p></div>
<h3>ABC Analysis</h3>
<p>ABC analysis in inventory control classifies stocks based on their importance, price, and sales volume. These criteria determine the number of items a company will bring to the market.</p>
<p>Just as its name suggests, it consists of the following categories:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>A class</strong> &#8211; expensive, high-class items with tight controls and small inventories</li>
<li><strong>B class</strong> &#8211; average-priced, mid-priority items with medium sales volume and stocks</li>
<li><strong>C class</strong> &#8211; low-value, low-cost items with high sales and huge inventories</li>
</ul>
<p>Applying the ABC analysis of inventory control allows businesses to minimize the costs of carrying products while maximizing their stock returns.</p>
<h3>LIFO and FIFO</h3>
<p>Both inventory control techniques organize how inventory items move in and out of the warehouse based on their arrival date. Priority will depend on the type of products available in the storage facility.</p>
<p>Using the <strong>LIFO method</strong>, the warehouse puts out the most recent batch of items to the customers first. Doing so prevents products from going bad when delivered to the market.</p>
<p>But with the <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/inventory-management-system/fifo-method/"><strong>FIFO technique</strong></a>, the warehouse prioritizes older stocks for processing and shipping. This way, they can keep the products fresh when the customer receives them.</p>
<h3>Batch Tracking</h3>
<p>Batch tracking is also a great way of organizing stock items in a warehouse facility. In this method, goods of the same production date and materials are grouped together. Doing this helps warehouse managers keep track of the following information:</p>
<ul>
<li>Where the items come from</li>
<li>Where the goods are heading</li>
<li>When the items might expire</li>
</ul>
<h3>Safety Stock</h3>
<p>Safety stock involves having an additional set of goods on hand as a preventive measure for the market’s volatility. The amount should be over the average demand or use of the product.</p>
<p>It acts as a safety net, should customer demand go above the projected amount. It also covers them for any uncertainty in supply performance, such as shipping delays.</p>
<h2><a id="tips-on-getting-started"></a>Tips on Getting Started</h2>
<p>After discussing the types and techniques employed in an inventory control system, it’s time to put those measures into practice. Here are some tips to help you kickstart your inventory control process.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Start with an inventory control plan</strong> &#8211; This plan should address the movement of goods from production to sales and removal from the inventory database.</li>
<li><strong>Put it into practice</strong> &#8211; Carrying out the inventory control plan includes establishing metrics and forecasts for succeeding months. You can also adjust your stock management strategy as needed.</li>
<li><strong>Consistency is key in labeling products</strong> &#8211; Find a system that works for your company and stick to it. Consider looking into barcodes, RFIDs, and Stock Keeping Units (SKUs).</li>
<li><strong>Establish reorder points</strong> &#8211; This practice <a href="https://safetyculture.com/retail/inventory-replenishment/">systematically replenishes your stock items</a> at set periods so you can take better control of your <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/supplier-quality-management/lead-time/">lead time</a>. The ABC analysis method is a helpful tool for carrying this out.</li>
<li><strong>Always keep critical items in stock</strong> &#8211; Identify which goods are critical for your business and ensure they never go out of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/retail-inventory-management/how-to-prevent-stockouts/">stock</a>.</li>
<li><strong>Review product shipments</strong> &#8211; Read over the packing slips and check products for any damage to prevent inventory loss.</li>
<li><strong>Perform warehouse audits regularly</strong> &#8211; Warehouse personnel can run through their stocks for spoilage, theft, and potential human errors. Doing so ensures that the accounting team receives accurate information about the counts and costs of your inventory. It’s best to use a digital inventory checklist to simplify this process.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>How Training Can Help Your Inventory</h2>
<p>With good inventory control training, you can effectively reinforce the best practices outlined in your operating manuals and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/sop/">Standard Operating Procedures</a> (SOPs). And on top of higher quality work and better productivity, it can also help your workers become more aware of potential issues and be proactive in preventing mishaps along the way.</p>
<p>With SafetyCulture’s <a href="https://safetyculture.com/training/">Training</a> feature, you can easily transform your <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/work-instruction/">work instructions</a> into training slides that are interactive, visually appealing, and easy to understand. You can also make training accessible to your team using their preferred devices.</p>


A Guide to Inventory Control

Business Processes

Operations

Inventory Control

<h2>Kinds of Data</h2>
<p>Generally, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/data-collection/" rel="noopener">data collection</a> can yield two kinds of data: <a href="https://libguides.macalester.edu/c.php?g=527786&amp;p=3608639" rel="noopener">qualitative and quantitative</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><strong>Qualitative data</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> refers to data that describes the characteristics, qualities, and other non-quantifiable traits of a certain subject. This includes personal opinions, descriptions of a certain place, event, or behavior, or the quality of a certain item. Qualitative data is often hard to measure with numbers, and so they are </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/data-mining/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">analyzed based on their qualities or patterns</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><strong>Quantitative data</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, on the other hand, refers to quantifiable or countable data such as statistics, the number of respondents or test subjects, and those under certain standards of measurement such as temperature.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Both quantitative and qualitative data have similar data collection techniques, as they often work </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">together to help create a more in-depth analysis of the data.</span></p>
<h2>Benefits Using Different Data Collection Methods</h2>
<p>Data collection techniques can offer a number of benefits to businesses and organizations of all sizes, from small startups to Fortune 500 companies.</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">First, they can help improve the efficiency and accuracy of data collection. This, in turn, helps reduce data errors and improve decision-making. </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They are also useful in identifying patterns, trends, and anomalies in the data obtained, thus enabling leaders to make better-informed decisions. </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lastly, they can reduce costs associated with manual data collection. With an automated process, businesses can significantly decrease the time required to collect data.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2>Applications</h2>
<p>Data collection techniques are becoming increasingly popular in various business areas. For example, healthcare institutions can utilize these techniques to collect data on patient histories, patient records, and other critical information. Similarly, they can also be used in logistics and transportation to collect data on shipments and routes for improved business operations.</p>
<p>Overall, data collection methods offer several benefits to businesses of all types. By deploying the right technique, they can maximize the value and insights from their data to get more from their investments in technology.</p>
<h2>7 Data Collection Techniques</h2>
<div id="attachment_118723" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-118723" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-118723 size-full" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/7-Data-Collection-Techniques.png" alt="7 Data Collection Techniques" width="700" height="400" /><p id="caption-attachment-118723" class="wp-caption-text">Data Collection Techniques</p></div>
<p>There are many ways to collect data depending on the data needed and the tasks at hand. Here are seven of the most common data collection techniques in business analytics as said by <a href="https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/data-collection-methods" rel="noopener">Harvard Business School</a>.</p>
<h3>1. Observations</h3>
<p>The easiest and most direct data collection technique is observation. The <a href="https://opentext.wsu.edu/carriecuttler/chapter/observational-research/" rel="noopener">most common form of observation</a> in the context of data collection involves simply watching the behaviors or actions of a subject in a specific setting to understand them and record what was observed. In today’s online world, an example of the act of observation can include watching people interact with products, websites, and services in real-time.</p>
<h3>2. Interviews and Focus Groups</h3>
<p>Another direct data collection technique is conducting interviews and focus groups. A focus group is a kind of interview-like conversation that happens in a group of <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief13.pdf" rel="noopener">six to twelve people</a> who share a common interest, characteristic, or need. The group will have a facilitator present them questions to discuss together. The aim of having an interview and a focus group discussion is to gain more information and depth on different topics, perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes in an environment where they all come together. </p>
<p>This data collection technique can become more streamlined with the help of a <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/focus-groups/">focus group template</a>.</p>
<h3>3. Transactional Tracking</h3>
<p>Transactional tracking is a data collection technique that relies on one’s purchases to derive data from. With each purchase made by a customer, researchers and sellers can access data from their websites, a third-party service provider, or from their e-commerce in-store point of sale system. From there, they can track different forms and amounts of data, allowing them to create better marketing plans and products, and target their ideal customers. Tracking customers’ transactions is also a good way to know and understand them better, as their purchases can say a lot about them.</p>
<h3>4. Social Media Monitoring</h3>
<p>Social media monitoring is a data collection technique similar to transactional tracking. However, instead of a customer’s transaction history, this kind of technique focuses on tracking one’s social media history and footprint. Many platforms and businesses use this to track one’s engagement with different posts online to better understand what products and services they would be interested in, as well as what they consider important to them. From this, businesses can better target their customers with more fitting advertisements and more relevant products.</p>
<h3>5. Online Tracking</h3>
<p>Another data collection technique similar to transaction tracking and social media monitoring is online tracking. Unlike the other internet-based data collection techniques, online tracking is more general and can be done on sites other than e-commerce or social media ones through the use of <a href="https://www.cookiepro.com/knowledge/tracking-cookie/" rel="noopener">cookies</a>. Through online tracking, data can be collected from marketing campaigns run through search engine results, webpage advertisements, email campaigns, and other places where one’s brand can be showcased. As long as it is online, it can be tracked.</p>
<p>To successfully carry out online tracking as a data collection technique, one would need to have specific software to help them analyze the numbers and behaviors of their customers online. Some things this kind of software dedicated to online tracking can tell are the number of times a certain link is clicked, the device used by customers, ads clicked, location, and more.</p>
<h3>6. Surveys</h3>
<p>Surveys are one of the most well-known methods of data collection. They are done with questionnaires and can be conducted physically and digitally to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. These questionnaires are often inexpensive to create and answer, thus making surveys a very accessible option for both researchers and their correspondents.</p>
<p>Commonly, surveys are used to collect responses about an event or item. The responses collected can then be used as a basis for <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/product-improvement/">product improvement</a>, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/decision-matrix-template/">decision-making matrices</a>, or further studies.</p>
<h3>7. Forms</h3>
<p>Similar to surveys, forms try to gather data through a set of questions. However, unlike surveys, forms can be more general. Often, forms are used to gather qualitative data from a subject or a group of subjects, particularly their demographic data or contact details. Forms are also used to get in touch with one’s potential clients and get to know them better.</p>
<h2>How to Make Effective Use of Data Collection Methods</h2>
<p>When it comes to using data collection techniques effectively, there are 5 key steps to keep in mind:</p>
<h3>1. Identify the Audience and Type of Data to be Collected.</h3>
<p>First and foremost, it is important to define the target audience and determine the specific data that needs to be collected. This will allow the data collection technique to be as applicable as possible to provide the most accurate results.</p>
<h3>2. Map the Data Collection Process.</h3>
<p>Once the target audience and data have been determined, plan out the data collection process. When setting up a data collection technique, it is essential to ensure that the method is comprehensive and can account for any data that may be missing.</p>
<p>Additionally, a data collection technique should consider how the data will be collected, and how the data can be interpreted and used effectively.</p>
<h3>3. Analyze the Results.</h3>
<p>When the data has been collected and all steps have been taken to ensure accuracy, it is important to analyze the results.</p>
<h3>4. Observe the Relationship Between Data Points.</h3>
<p>Once the analysis is complete, it is possible to see how the data is related to each other and determine the answers to any questions posed by the data. By understanding the relationships between different data points and the trends that they indicate, effective decisions can be made.</p>
<h3>5. Communicate Your Findings.</h3>
<p>Lastly, it is essential to effectively communicate the data collection technique findings. By clearly communicating the results, the gathered insights can be used to solve real-world problems, make informed decisions about a business or organization, or even just learn and better understand how things work.</p>


A Short Guide to Data Collection Techniques

técnicas de recogida de datos imagen destacada

Data Collection Techniques

<div id="attachment_119129" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-119129" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-119129" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/11/data-collection-featured.jpg" alt="data collection featured" width="300" height="168" /><p id="caption-attachment-119129" class="wp-caption-text"><a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/focus-groups/">Focus Group Discussion</a></p></div>
<h2><a id="Key-Steps-in-Data-Collection-Process"></a>Key Steps in Data Collection Process</h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The</span><a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-data-collection-article"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> data collection process</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a systematic method of gathering and analyzing specific information to achieve a particular objective. What are the five key steps to a successful data gathering procedure?</span></p>
<h3>Step 1: Defining the Goal of Research</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">To collect data, you need to define what you want to learn from your research. The goal of your research should be clear, concise, and measurable. For example, if you&#8217;re conducting a survey, you might include a</span><a href="https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/data-collection/" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">list of questions</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> like:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">What types of products do customers prefer?</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Which colors do customers prefer?</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Do customers prefer different sizes?</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Are there specific features that customers would like to see included in future products?</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Once you have a clear idea of your research goals, you can move on to the next step.</span></p>
<h3>Step 2: Choosing Data Collection Method</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are many <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/data-collection/data-collection-techniques/" rel="noopener">data collection techniques</a>, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. Choose the method best suited to your research and will help you directly address your research questions based on the data you intend to collect.</span></p>
<h3>Step 3: Planning Data Collection Procedures</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Once you’ve identified which data collection method you’ll be using, you need to plan the steps to collect the data. Planning includes deciding how you’ll collect the data, who will manage it, when you’ll collect it, and where you’ll collect it.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">You can use traditional paper-based methods such as surveys through physical copies of questionnaires. Or take advantage of digital ways to gather the data such as mobile data collection or online data collection.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">You&#8217;ll also need to choose the right </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/app/records-management-software/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">records management software</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to help you collect and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/data-management/">manage your data.</a></span></p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create Your Own Data Collection Form&#8221;]</p>
<h3>Step 4: Collecting Data</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">After you&#8217;ve planned your</span><a href="https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/data-collection-methods" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">data collection procedures</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, it&#8217;s time to collect the data. This step will vary depending on the method you chose in Step 2. For example, if you&#8217;re conducting a survey, you&#8217;ll need to administer the survey to your participants. If you&#8217;re doing a case study, you&#8217;ll need to observe and interview your participants.</span></p>
<h3>Step 5: Cleaning and Organizing the Data</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">After you&#8217;ve collected your data, it&#8217;s essential to clean and organize it. This step is critical since it will improve the accuracy of your data and make it easier to evaluate. Afterwards, it will be analyzed and used to <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/data-mining/">discover any patterns and relationships in the data</a> using an algorithm.</span></p>
<h2><a id="Common-Challenges"></a>Common Challenges</h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The following are common challenges when collecting data:</span></p>
<h3>Data Quality Issues</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Data quality can be affected if collected from multiple sources or manually collected. Data quality issues can lead to inaccurate or inconsistent data, which can be difficult.</span></p>
<h3>Incomplete Data</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Incomplete data can occur when data is not collected correctly or when data is lost during collection or storage. Insufficient data can make it difficult to understand, leading to inaccurate results.</span></p>
<h3>Finding Relevant Data</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Finding relevant data for your analysis can be challenging when working with large amounts of data. It can be especially true when dealing with unstructured data, such as text.</span></p>
<h3>Choosing What Data to Collect</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is essential to decide what data is necessary for your analysis when collecting data. Collecting too much data can be time-consuming and challenging to manage, while collecting too little data can lead to inaccurate results.</span></p>
<h3>Low Response Rate</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A low response rate can occur when data is collected from a survey or poll. A low response rate can make it challenging to represent the population accurately, leading to biased results.</span></p>
<h3>Other Research Issues</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other research issues can include selection, measurement, and observer bias. These issues can lead to inaccurate or misleading results.</span></p>
<h2><a id="Data-Collection-Best-Practices"></a>Data Collection Best Practices</h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are a few best practices that can help to ensure accurate and reliable data:</span></p>
<h3>Check for Accuracy and Completeness</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Make sure data is complete and accurate before using it. It means checking for missing values, outliers, and incorrect values.</span></p>
<h3>Use Multiple Sources</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Get data from as many places as you can to form a complete picture. This best practice is crucial when dealing with customer feedback, where you want to ensure you&#8217;re getting input from as many people as possible.</span></p>
<h3>Keep a Record of Your Sources</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Remember to keep track of where the information you&#8217;re using came from. It will help you verify the data&#8217;s accuracy and track any errors.</span></p>
<h3>Store Data Securely</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ensure to store data in a secure place where it can&#8217;t be lost or corrupted. This best practice includes actions such as backing up data and using secure storage devices.</span></p>


How Can We Ensure that Data Collection is Ethical?

What are the Risks that Come with Collecting Data?

FAQs About Data Collection

What is Data Collection? What You Need to Know

Data Collection

<p>Depending on the type of products being manufactured, the methods involved in the entire <a href="https://safetyculture.com/manufacturing/" rel="noopener">manufacturing</a> process may be considered simple or complex and require varying levels of supervision, automation, and control. The needed resources and manpower can also differ to meet the unique needs of traditional manufacturing processes or even advanced manufacturing processes. Moreover, computers, robots, and cloud-based technology are responsible for the automation of the stages involved in the overall <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/manufacturing-system/">manufacturing system</a>, helping make it streamlined and efficient in the long run. In the bigger picture, Good Manufacturing Practices (<a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/gmp/">GMP</a>) cover every aspect of common manufacturing processes to combat risks and promote <a href="https://safetyculture.com/quality/" rel="noopener">quality</a> and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-safety/">workplace</a> <a href="https://safetyculture.com/safety/" rel="noopener">safety</a>.</p>
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<h2><strong>General Classifications</strong></h2>
<p>Prior to knowing the various types of manufacturing processes, it’s important to understand the 2 major classifications they may fall under. This way, organizations can further identify the type of process that best fits their production needs, customer demands, and sales forecasts. Read on to learn more about each classification.</p>
<h3>Processing Operations</h3>
<p>This classification of manufacturing processes pertains to the transformation of completed work materials to an advanced form or state. This is done by adding value through the means of changing the shape, physical appearance, or chemical composition, bringing the work material closer to the desired finished component or product. In most cases, processing operations are done on individual components or parts.</p>
<h3>Assembly Operations</h3>
<p>Also known as the joining process, this classification is the method of combining two or more components or parts to create a new entity. Assembly operations are further broken down into two main methods: permanent and semi-permanent.</p>
<p>Permanent assembly operations are used to combine components that are required to remain together or not supposed to be easily disconnected. On the other hand, semi-permanent assembly operations are done using mechanical operations and components like screws and bolts to make it easier to disconnect components as needed.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Improve your EHS Management&#8221; body=&#8221;Cultivate a safe working environment and streamline compliance with our EHS solutions.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Explore now&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://safetyculture.com/health-and-safety/&#8221;]</p>
<h2><strong>What are the 6 Different Types of Manufacturing Processes?</strong></h2>
<div id="attachment_119248" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-119248" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-119248 size-full" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/6-Types-of-Manufacturing-Processes.png" alt="6 Types of Manufacturing Processes" width="700" height="400" /><p id="caption-attachment-119248" class="wp-caption-text">6 Types of Manufacturing Processes</p></div>
<p>There are different manufacturing processes that are proven to work depending on the industry you’re in, the type of product or business, and the overall goals. Here are the 6 main types that are most commonly used by organizations across industries worldwide.</p>
<h3>1. Job Shop Manufacturing</h3>
<p>Instead of working in an assembly line, different workers are assigned to separate workstations, workshops, or production areas. The product, before it reaches its completion stage, must go through each of the stations so that each worker can add value to it before going on to the next.</p>
<p>Products that are best manufactured using the job shop type often require unique methods or sequences of stages, making the process ideal for customization or made-to-order production. Small batches are often produced through job shop manufacturing.</p>
<p>Since this type tends to give a stronger focus on quality control, it can be slower as it produces lower-volume yet highly-customized products. These include, but are not limited to specialized aviation parts, ship components, and even industrial machinery. With this, highly trained professionals handle job shop manufacturing processes to take charge of advanced techniques, which are being utilized to achieve <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/quality-assurance-and-quality-control/quality-standards/">quality standards</a>.</p>
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<h3>2. Repetitive Manufacturing</h3>
<p>Typically used by mass production industries such as electronics and automotive to name a few, this type of manufacturing refers to the creation of the same or similar products on an assembly line.</p>
<p>Companies that use this type maintain high consideration for constant consumer demand for the products they manufacture. Since there is such stability, repetitive manufacturing is known for its ability to improve the overall speed and efficiency of manufacturing processes.</p>
<p>Furthermore, this is best for companies that have a committed production rate, with production and assembly lines functioning almost 24/7 throughout the year. It’s also crucial to note that, when compared to job shop manufacturing, this type tends to cater to a high volume of products and utilizes automation to increase efficiency and decrease costs simultaneously.</p>
<h3>3. Discrete Manufacturing</h3>
<p>Being closely related to repetitive manufacturing, discrete manufacturing also utilizes assembly or production lines. However, the latter is more complex as it’s designed to adapt to frequent modifications over time.</p>
<p>To cater to the ever-changing customer demands and technological advancements, configurations on the assembly or production lines must be done on a regular basis. Manufacturers of clothing, toys, and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/iso-13485/" rel="noopener">medical devices</a> are some examples that require this type, as they need to add or eliminate certain components or methods being applied to their current products to account for necessary innovations brought on by trends and demands. Discrete manufacturing is also closely tied to the concept of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/one-piece-flow/" rel="noopener">One Piece Flow</a>, which is used in <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/lean-manufacturing/">lean manufacturing</a> processes.</p>
<p>Designing and regularly updating a business resumption plan is critical for companies in discrete manufacturing, as changes in production can quickly render a business unable to operate.</p>
<h3>4. Batch Process Manufacturing</h3>
<p>Manufacturing one batch can be considered enough to meet consumer demand, as opposed to constantly manufacturing the same or similar products since this may likely result in overproduction. After one <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/manufacturing-operations/batch-production/">batch production</a>, manufacturing equipment and tools are then cleaned and prepared for the next batch.</p>
<p>In summary, batch process manufacturing is closely related to how discrete (meeting consumer demand) and job shop (availability of raw materials and custom products) <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/manufacturing-process-audit/">manufacturing processes</a> work. Moreover, this type of manufacturing process is commonly used in <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/food-safety/" rel="noopener">food production</a> and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/gmp/gmp-pharmaceutical/" rel="noopener">pharmaceuticals</a>, to name a few.</p>
<h3>5. Continuous Process Manufacturing</h3>
<p>Generally, this is similar to repetitive manufacturing in the sense that it runs 24/7 too. The kind of raw materials used in continuous process manufacturing is what makes it different. Gases, liquids, powders, and granule materials (mining) are the most common ones. Hence, some examples of where this process is best applied are oil refining and fertilizer production.</p>
<h3>6. 3D Printing</h3>
<p>Being widely recognized as the sixth type of manufacturing process due to its uses and the great potential it brings across industries, 3D printing is being utilized by many organizations using different composites and materials such as plastic and metals. These are then used to build products, often three-dimensional, based on digital models and by means of a layer-by-layer method. In today’s market, 3D printing is evident in products including <a href="https://www.itweb.co.za/content/wbrpOMgY4RJvDLZn" rel="noopener">medical devices</a>, firearms, and <a href="https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/the-best-3d-printed-consumer-products-148352/" rel="noopener">lifestyle items</a> such as shoes and cosmetics.</p>


A Quick Guide to Manufacturing Processes

Manufacturing Safety

Safety

Manufacturing Processes

<h2><a id="Importance"></a>Importance</h2>
<p>The success of business operations heavily depend on the practices and standards being followed. A best practice for <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/quality-assurance-and-quality-control/" rel="noopener">quality control and quality assurance</a>, integrating production control into the businesses strategy can help increase production efficiency. Additionally, below are a few other reasons why you should implement production control as a business process:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Ensure equipment and product quality</strong> &#8211; Optimizing production processes helps proactively identify bottlenecks in the procedure including equipment that prevents businesses from operating normally. A good production control technique ensures that targeted outputs are met, right on schedule, and according to standards.</li>
<li><strong>Regulate inventory control</strong> &#8211; An efficient production control system helps businesses <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/inventory-management-system/" rel="noopener">manage inventory</a> better. This enables inventory managers to purchase materials accurately and avoid discrepancy in the number of stocks.</li>
<li><strong>Increase productivity</strong> &#8211; Utilizing production control techniques lessens unproductive time spent by employees. When equipment is in a good condition and production schedules are right on track, manufacturing targets are fulfilled efficiently.</li>
<li><strong>Lower production costs</strong> &#8211; Appropriately-designed production controls and techniques, along with the assurance of efficient equipment, ability to effectively manage inventory, and increased employee productivity—all these can lead to major cost savings for businesses.</li>
<li><strong>Improve customer experience</strong> &#8211; All the above-mentioned importance and benefits not only help businesses internally, they also translate to an enhanced customer experience. An organization&#8217;s reputation strengthens when final products consistently meet customer expectations.</li>
</ul>
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<h2><a id="Steps-in-Production-Control"></a>4 Steps in Production Control</h2>
<p>The steps considered in the production control system can vary per specific industry or business. However, it should involve the following major stages that also relates to the whole process of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/quality-assurance-and-quality-control/production-planning-and-control/" rel="noopener">production planning and control</a>:</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-118929" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Production-Control-Steps.png" alt="Production-Control-Steps" width="700" height="400" /></p>
<h3>1. Routing</h3>
<p>Routing is the first step of production planning and control. This part of the process involves defining the path of the operation from start to end. It should specify all the raw materials needed, resources such as labor and machine, the targeted quantity, and the place of the production.</p>
<p>The main goal of routing is to identify the most efficient and cost-effective sequence in the process of manufacturing the goods.</p>
<h3>2. Scheduling</h3>
<p>As the name suggests, the <a href="https://www.scnsoft.com/manufacturing/production-scheduling-software">scheduling step</a> is the production part where all the time-related conditions are stated. It should arrange the manufacturing schedule in order of priority, and include the start and end date of each task involved in the operations.</p>
<p>Scheduling is considered as the time-table of the production process.</p>
<h3>3. Dispatching</h3>
<p>The third step, dispatching—is the stage where actual production is started; it implements the activities indicated in the routing and scheduling stages.</p>
<p>Dispatching can be classified as either <em>centralized</em>—where orders are provided by a specific authority; or <em>decentralized</em>—where instructions are issued by all involved business units.</p>
<h3>4. Follow-Up</h3>
<p>Follow-up evaluates the effectiveness of the whole production control system. In this step, bottlenecks, delays, and inefficiencies are identified and addressed. Follow-up is also the part where production managers compare the final production result against the predicted schedule and product quantity.</p>
<p>Follow-up allows businesses to determine whether the process can still be improved with the goal of achieving greater manufacturing output in the production.</p>
<h3>5. Inspection</h3>
<p>Inspection is not an official step of the production control process but performing regular or random audits is sometimes necessary to ensure that internal best practices and industry standards are consistently complied with.</p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create Your Own Production Control Inspection Checklist&#8221;]</p>
<h2><a id="Production-Control-Example"></a>Production Control Example</h2>
<p>Company ABC, a major electronic gadget producer based in San Francisco, has recently seen an influx of consumer demand for their flagship mobile product. According to the inventory records, the demand for the product, paired with international <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/supply-chain-disruption/" rel="noopener">supply chain disruptions</a>, forecasts product supply shortage by the end of the year if the issue is not properly addressed.</p>
<p>Because of this, product managers and manufacturing managers of Company ABC quickly optimized their production control techniques. Aside from immediately consulting their backup plans for secondary and tertiary material suppliers, they also recognized the need to hire additional people to avoid manpower shortages from further affecting their manufacturing schedule.</p>
<p>Random inspections are also conducted throughout the succeeding months to ensure an accurate product quality and product quantity.</p>


Production Control: Importance, Steps, & Example

Quality

Quality Management

Production Control

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The main goal of an SWPPP is to reduce the number of pollutants carried by stormwater runoff into local waterways and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/sewage-treatment-plant/">sewage treatment plants</a>. This is essential because stormwater runoff is </span><a href="https://www.epa.gov/soakuptherain/soak-rain-whats-problem" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">one of the leading sources of water pollution in the United States.</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An SWPPP must be developed for any construction site that:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">disturbs at least one acre of land; or </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">is part of a larger common plan of development or sale involving multiple contiguous (i.e., sharing a common border) sites with a total disturbed area of at least one acre.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2>How Does SWPPP Affect the Construction Industry?</h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">SWPPP is an essential part of the construction process, as it helps to protect waterways by regulating the way in which construction professionals dispose of wastewater. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">By ensuring that all <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/water-treatment/">wastewater is properly treated</a> and disposed of, SWPPP helps to prevent pollution and safeguard public health. In addition, SWPPP can also help to reduce the cost of construction projects by reducing fines and improving the overall efficiency of the project.</span></p>
<h2><strong>Its Purpose</strong></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">SWPPP has one sole purpose, and that is to protect water. The document outlines how a business or organization can protect water resources from pollution through the implementation of specific Best Management Practices (BMPs).</span></p>
<h3>Who Needs and Uses an SWPPP?</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Any facility that discharges pollutants into a Water of the United States (WOTUS) must have a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit. An SWPPP is a required step for obtaining this kind of permit.</span></p>
<h3>Do I Need an SWPPP in My State?</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some states have specific requirements for SWPPPs, while others do not. To find out if you need an SWPPP in your state, contact your state’s Department of Environmental Quality or equivalent agency.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, the state of Texas requires all construction sites greater than 5 acres in size to have an SWPPP and a construction site, land development site, or any kind of facility that is regulated by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) may need an SWPPP as well.</span></p>
<h2><b><a id="What-Does-an-SWPPP-Include"></a>What Does an SWPPP Include?</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An SWPPP typically includes the following components:</span></p>
<h3>1) Site map and description</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This component includes a detailed map of the worksite and a description of each area on the map. It also provides information on any relevant features such as bodies of water, wetlands, and floodplains.</span></p>
<h3>2) Pollution prevention procedures</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These procedures outline how the worksite will prevent or minimize pollution from. They may include specific instructions on how to deal with spills, manage waste, and maintain drainage systems.</span></p>
<h3>3) Sampling and analysis plan</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This component outlines how samples will be taken and analyzed to determine whether or not the worksite is complying with environmental regulations.</span></p>
<h3>4) Recordkeeping procedures</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These procedures specify how records of all activities related to the SWPPP will be kept. They may include records of </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">SWPPP inspections</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">, sampling results, and pollution prevention procedures. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">To ensure proper documentation, you can use a digital </span><a href="https://public-library.safetyculture.io/products/swppp-inspection-form-7EJmK?amp_dev=3c8280b9-bd0f-4e82-bb50-f42d278102b6&amp;sid=1706839847585"><span style="font-weight: 400;">SWPPP inspection form</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or checklist that is readily available and customizable according to your needs, or create one on your own.</span></p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Streamline Your Construction Operations&#8221; body=&#8221;Unlock the power of data-driven insights, standardized processes, and effective communication to improve efficiency and productivity across all jobsites.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Explore Our Construction Operations Solution&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://safetyculture.com/construction/construction-project-management/&#8221;]</p>
<h2><b><a id="How-to-Develop-SWPPP"></a>How to Develop SWPPP</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to </span><a href="https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/sw_swppp_guide.pdf" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">US EPA</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, below are the following steps to develop SWPPP:</span></p>
<h3>1) Site Assessment and Planning</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Describe the site planning process, including how the site was selected, the purpose of the SWPPP, and the steps taken to minimize potential impacts.</span></p>
<h3>2) Selecting Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Selecting the most appropriate erosion and sediment control measures for a project is critical to preventing or minimizing pollution. BMPs that are effective on one site may not be appropriate for another site.</span></p>
<h3>3) Selecting Good Housekeeping BMPs</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Incorporating good housekeeping practices into a project can reduce the amount of sediment leaving a site.</span></p>
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<h3>4) Inspections, Maintenance, and Recordkeeping</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ensure that all workers involved in the project understand the </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/erosion-and-sediment-control-plan-template/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">erosion and sediment control plan</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and are properly trained on how to use the BMPs. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Constant SWPPP inspection and maintenance are needed to keep sediment from leaving the job site.</span></p>


Developing a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)

Compliance

Construction Site Compliance

SWPPP

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a id="How-Does-a-Septic-Tank-System-Work"></a>The size of the septic tank is based on the number of bedrooms in a home. A typical tank can hold 1,000 gallons (3,785 L) of water waste; on average, each household member uses</span><a href="https://www.mrrooter.com/oneida/about-us/blog/2017/october/how-to-keep-your-septic-system-healthy/" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">70 gallons of water per day</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. It&#8217;s essential to have the septic tank pumped </span><a href="https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/aex-740" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">every 3 to 5 years</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to remove any solid waste that accumulates on the bottom. If solid waste isn&#8217;t removed, it can eventually clog the tank and soil treatment area, causing backups.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Backups occur because the bacteria in the tank have been overwhelmed by too many solids. Backups can be very dangerous, especially if no backup pump is installed.</span></p>
<h2><b><a id="Types-of-Septic-Systems"></a>Types of Septic Systems</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are several types of septic systems. Learn more about them below.</span></p>
<h3>Septic Tank</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A septic tank is the most common kind of</span><a href="https://www.epa.gov/septic/types-septic-systems" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">septic system</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. It consists of a tank (usually made of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene) that receives sewage from your home. The tank stores the sewage to allow solids to settle to the bottom and oil and grease to rise to the top. The tank then releases the treated effluent (</span><a href="https://www.familyhandyman.com/article/tips-maintain-septic-system/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">liquid waste</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) into a leach field for further treatment.</span></p>
<h3>Conventional System</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A conventional septic system includes a leach field and a septic tank. The leach field is a network of trenches or beds filled with gravel or other materials. The septic tank&#8217;s water waste goes to the leach field, where bacteria treat it as it percolates through the soil.</span></p>
<h3>Chamber System</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A chamber system is similar to a conventional septic system, but the leach field consists of prefabricated concrete chambers instead of trenches. The chambers are stacked on top of each other and arranged linearly.</span></p>
<h3>Drip Distribution System</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A drip distribution system is a variation of a conventional leach field. Wastewater from the septic tank is distributed evenly throughout the leach field by perforated pipes. The wastewater then drips through the soil, where bacteria treat it, such as in a conventional septic system.</span></p>
<h3>Aerobic Treatment Unit</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU) is a septic system that uses oxygen to treat sewage. ATUs come in various designs, but most consist of a tank that contains baffles or partitions to separate the solids from the liquids. Bacteria break down the solids while the liquids are pumped out of the tank and, similar to the septic tank system, into a leach field for further treatment.</span></p>
<h3>Mound System</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mound systems are used when the natural soil conditions are unsuitable for a conventional or chamber system. A mound system comprises a septic tank and a leach field built on a mound of compacted soil. The mound provides extra effluent treatment as it flows through the ground.</span></p>
<h3>Recirculating Sand Filter System</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A recirculating sand filter system consists of a septic tank, a pump chamber, and a recirculating sand filter. Wastewater from the septic tank is pumped into the pump chamber and then to the sand filter. The wastewater is cleaned as it flows through the sand filter and then returned to the pump chamber. Similar to the ATU and septic tanks system, the treated effluent is then sent to a leach field for further treatment.</span></p>
<h3>Evapotranspiration System</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An evapotranspiration system (or ETS) is a septic system that uses evaporation and transpiration to treat sewage. ETSs come in various designs, but most consist of a tank that contains baffles or partitions to separate the solids from the liquids, similar to ATUs. In the tank, effluent is discharged onto a bed of vegetation, where evaporation and transpiration treat it.</span></p>
<h3>Constructed Wetland System</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A constructed wetland attempts to replicate the treatment methods in natural wetlands. The septic tank discharges wastewater into the wetland cell, where it passes through the media and is treated by microorganisms, plants, and other media that remove pathogens and nutrients. The wetland cell usually has an impermeable liner, gravel and sand fill, and a layer of vegetation. As with other septic systems, the treated effluent then flows to a leach field for further treatment.</span></p>
<h3>Cluster or Community System</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Decentralized <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/water-treatment/">wastewater treatment</a> systems collect water from more than one house or building and clean it. It is taken to a site with a treatment and dispersion system close to homes or buildings. These kinds of systems are common in rural neighborhoods.</span></p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Improve your EHS Management&#8221; body=&#8221;Cultivate a safe working environment and streamline compliance with our EHS solutions.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Explore now&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://safetyculture.com/health-and-safety/&#8221;]</p>
<h2><b><a id="The-Dos-and-Donts-When-Maintaining-a-Septic-System"></a>The Do&#8217;s and Don&#8217;ts When Maintaining a Septic System</b></h2>
<h2><b>Do&#8217;s</b></h2>
<h3>Pump it regularly</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pumping helps remove waste from the tank, keeps the tank clean, and prevents sewage backups.</span><a href="https://www.thespruce.com/regular-tasks-for-septic-tank-maintenance-5213314" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Frequent pumping</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is required if more people use the septic system because of higher water flow.</span></p>
<h3>Regular inspection and maintenance</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Perform</span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/maintenance/" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">maintenance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and inspection on septic tanks every year to ensure that they are not cracked or leaking. Also, look for any signs of sewage on the ground around the tank.</span></p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create your own Routine Maintenance checklist&#8221; body=&#8221;Build from scratch or choose from our collection of free, ready-to-download, and customizable templates.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Browse Routine Maintenance checklists&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://safetyculture.com/checklists/maintenance/&#8221;]</p>
<h3>Maintain a healthy supply of bacteria</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bacteria help break down waste in the septic tank. You can maintain a healthy bacteria population by adding bacteria culture to the tank every 6 months and avoiding using drain cleaners, killing the good bacteria, and damaging the tank itself.</span></p>
<h2><b>Don&#8217;ts</b></h2>
<h3>Don&#8217;t flush anything else but toilet paper and human waste</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other garbage disposals, such as feminine hygiene products, diapers, facial tissue, cigarette butts, and wipes, can clog the septic tank and cause backups.</span></p>
<h3>Don’t pour grease or oil down the drain</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Just like with solid waste products, grease and oil can also clog the septic tank and cause backups.</span></p>
<h3>Don’t plant trees or shrubs near the tank</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The roots of trees and shrubs can damage the septic tank and cause leaks.</span></p>
<h3>Don’t park or drive over a septic tank or drain field</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The weight of vehicles as well as the roots of trees and shrubs have the same effect; both can damage the septic tank and cause it to leak.</span></p>
<h3>Don’t dig in the area around the tank or the drain field</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Digging can damage the tank and the</span><a href="https://www.mrrooter.com/oneida/about-us/blog/2017/october/how-to-keep-your-septic-system-healthy/" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">drain field</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, causing them to leak.</span></p>


How to Clean a Septic Tank Naturally?

What are the Signs that Your Septic Tank is Full?

Frequently Asked Questions

Septic Tank Maintenance: Don’t Let Your Septic Tank Become a Health Hazard

Facility Management

Maintenance

Septic Tank Maintenance

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a id="What-is-Modular-Construction"></a>This</span><a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/modular-construction-from-projects-to-products" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">modular approach</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to building is ideal for small spaces, such as apartments, office units, dormitory units, identical classroom units, retail units, and townhouses. It also works well for large areas, such as offices, warehouses, and factories.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Modular construction is often used when there isn&#8217;t enough space for traditional construction methods. For example, a factory may need to be expanded, but the existing structure doesn&#8217;t allow for expansion. Or, a warehouse needs to expand, but the land is too expensive to purchase.</span></p>
<h2><b><a id="Types"></a>Types</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are two types of modular construction.</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Permanent</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; Permanent modular construction is used for long-term occupancies, such as offices, schools, and hospitals. The modules are placed on a concrete foundation and fastened together to create a permanent structure.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Temporary</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; Temporary modular construction is used for short-term occupancies, such as fairs, tradeshows, and temporary housing. The modules are placed on a metal frame and can be disassembled and transported to another location.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2><b><a id="What-are-the-Advantages-of-Modular-Construction"></a>What are the Advantages of Modular Construction?</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Among the advantages of modular construction are the following:</span></p>
<h3>Saves Time</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since the pieces are prefabricated off-site and then assembled quickly on-site after they have been delivered, modular construction reduces the amount of time needed for manual labor. </span></p>
<h3>Eliminates Weather Delays</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The</span><a href="https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-a-modular-building" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">modular structure</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is done under controlled climate conditions. This eliminates the possibility of weather delays and ensures that your project is finished efficiently and on time.</span></p>
<h3>Saves Storage Space</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Materials used in modular buildings are typically kept off-site. These materials don’t take up storage space and save money by reducing labor costs and purchases of new materials.</span></p>
<h3>Reduces Labor Costs</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since</span><a href="https://www.wbdg.org/resources/site-and-modular-construction-explained" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">modular building</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> uses less on-site manual labor, it is possible to save money on construction costs. Even when you include additional costs like transportation and assembly, your project costs less overall.</span></p>
<h3>Reduces Material Waste</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Less</span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/waste-management-system/" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">waste</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is generated during modular construction since all raw materials are used in the <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/prefabrication/">prefabrication</a> process. It helps to keep costs down and reduces the environmental impact of your project.</span></p>
<h2><b><a id="Challenges"></a>Challenges</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Modular construction is not without its challenges. These include:</span></p>
<h3>Limited Design Options</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One challenge of modular construction is that it relies on mass production. It can limit the variety of design options available and make it challenging to create custom solutions.</span></p>
<h3>Longer Design Phase</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The</span><a href="https://www.modular.org/what-is-modular-construction/" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">modular construction process</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> requires more complex decisions upfront during the design phase. The prefabrication process requires all aspects of the design to be decided before construction can begin.</span></p>
<h3>Difficult Approval Process</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The approval process for modular building can often be complicated since both local and state </span><a href="https://www.archdaily.com/949219/why-choose-modular-construction" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">building codes</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may require additional inspections. It can add extra time to the overall project timeline and make it challenging to achieve your desired schedule.</span></p>
<h3>Higher Supplier Risk</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The modular construction process relies on a few suppliers to provide all necessary materials. It can increase the project&#8217;s overall risk and make it more challenging to recover from delays or problems.</span></p>
<h3>Higher Transportation Costs</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Transportation costs can also challenge modular construction since bringing materials to your project&#8217;s location is usually more expensive than on-site construction methods. It adds additional risk and makes it essential to correctly estimate transportation costs in advance.</span></p>
<h3>Difficult Financing Process</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The financing process for modular construction can also be more complicated since it is often considered a new and innovative</span><a href="https://onekeyresources.milwaukeetool.com/en/what-is-modular-construction" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">method of construction</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Traditional lenders may be hesitant to finance your</span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/project-delivery/" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">project</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which can lead to additional challenges.</span></p>
<h2><b><a id="When-Is-It-the-Best-Option"></a>When Is It the Best Option?</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several factors make modular construction the better solution. Here are some situations when modular construction is the best option:</span></p>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>When time is of the essence</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; Modular construction is a much faster way to build than traditional construction methods. Most work is done in a</span><a href="https://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/modular-construction-a-sustainable-building-method" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">factory setting,</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> where weather and other site conditions are not factors.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>When you need to build in a remote location</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; Modular construction is perfect for building in remote areas where traditional construction methods would be logistically difficult or impossible.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>When you want a high level of quality control</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; Because modular construction takes place in a controlled factory environment, there is a higher level of quality control than that of traditional construction methods.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>When you want to be environmentally friendly</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; Modular construction is a very green way to build, as it creates far less waste than a</span><a href="https://www.sightline.org/2018/08/02/modular-construction-a-housing-affordability-game-changer/" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">traditional construction project</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Whenever changes or additions are required</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; Because modular buildings are constructed in sections or building blocks, you can make changes or additions to the structure effortlessly and without starting from scratch.</span></li>
</ol>
<h2><b><a id="The-Future-of-Modular-Construction"></a>The Future of Modular Construction</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The modular construction industry is expected to grow in popularity in the coming years. This</span><a href="https://onekeyresources.milwaukeetool.com/en/what-is-modular-construction" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">type of construction</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> offers several advantages that make it the perfect solution for various situations. With its ability to be constructed quickly and efficiently, modular construction will revolutionize how we build in the years to come.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some of the key trends in the future of modular construction include an increased focus on sustainability and green building practices and the development of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/construction-innovation/">new technologies</a> that make modular construction faster, easier, and more precise. Prefabricated designs and solutions will likely continue to gain popularity, particularly for <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/commercial-construction/">commercial buildings</a> and large-scale projects. Additionally, as the cost of traditional construction methods continues to rise, modular construction will become increasingly more attractive as a more affordable alternative. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Overall, it is clear that modular construction is here to stay and will continue to grow as more people recognize its many benefits.</span></p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Raise the Bar for Construction Operations&#8221; body=&#8221;Stay compliant with industry regulations and achieve higher standards with standardized procedures, real-time insights, and effective communication.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Explore Our Construction Quality Solution&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://safetyculture.com/construction/construction-project-management/&#8221;]</p>
<h2><b><a id="Modular-Builds-and-iAuditor-by-SafetyCulture"></a>Modular Builds and SafetyCulture (formerly iAuditor)</b></h2>
<p><a href="https://bigthink.com/the-future/modular-construction/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Construction firms</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are opting more and more for modular construction. In terms of speed and efficiency, modular construction is unmatched. However, it&#8217;s still critical to have quality inspections and project management to ensure a successful project.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you&#8217;re looking for a more efficient and effective way to manage your modular construction projects, <a href="https://safetyculture.com/platform/" rel="noopener">SafetyCulture</a> can help. </span></p>


A Simple Guide to Modular Construction

trabajadores de la construcción modular montando un edificio prefabricado

Modular Construction

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a id="Understanding-Ishikawa-Diagrams"></a>Using the Ishikawa diagram, engineers may better understand manufacturing process defects. But today, many marketers use the Ishikawa diagram to analyze complex situations and find the most effective solution for their businesses.</span></p>
<h2><strong><a id="When-to-Use"></a>When to Use</strong></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ishikawa diagrams can be helpful in any situation where there is a need to analyze complex problems or identify the causes of issues in a system. Teams often use them in manufacturing, marketing, product development, and other fields that involve working with people, processes, and procedures. Some common situations where Ishikawa diagrams may be helpful include:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">When identifying the root causes of a problem</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">When brainstorming solutions to a problem</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">When developing or improving a process</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">When analyzing data from customer surveys</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">When evaluating the results of a marketing campaign</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">When troubleshooting an issue with a product or service</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">When </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/project-delivery/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">planning</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> future projects or initiatives</span></li>
</ul>
<h2><b><a id="Advantages"></a>Advantages</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are several advantages of Ishikawa diagrams, including:</span></p>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They help identify the root causes of problems.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They help team members communicate and share ideas more effectively.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They enable teams to visually organize complex information.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They can be used to brainstorm solutions to problems.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They allow teams to track progress and plan future actions.</span></li>
</ol>
<h2><b><a id="Disadvantages"></a>Disadvantages</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are a few disadvantages of Ishikawa diagrams to consider, including:</span></p>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They can be time-consuming to create.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They can be challenging to interpret if not well-designed.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They may be biased or incomplete if team members do not actively participate in the analysis process.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">There can be a risk of focusing too heavily on individual factors instead of considering how they might interact with each other.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">They can be challenging to apply in situations where multiple interrelated factors are involved.</span></li>
</ol>
<h2><b><a id="What-are-the-6Ms-in-the-Ishikawa-Diagram"></a>What are the 6Ms in the Ishikawa Diagram?</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The 6Ms in the Ishikawa diagram are critical factors used to identify and analyze problems in a system. These factors include:</span></p>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Material</strong> <span style="font-weight: 400;">&#8211; This refers to any physical or non-physical components of the system, including people, resources, and tools.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Method/Process</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; This refers to the methods and procedures used to produce or deliver the product or service.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Machine</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; This refers to the <a href="https://safetyculture.com/asset-management/">assets</a> such as machines and equipment used to create or provide the product or service.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Measurement</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; This refers to the tools and methods used to measure progress and <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/performance-gap-analysis/">performance</a>.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Manpower</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; This refers to the people involved in producing or delivering the product or service.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Mother Nature (Environment)</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &#8211; This refers to the external factors that affect the system including weather, geography, and regulation.</span></li>
</ol>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-48699 size-full" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/The-6Ms-in-the-Ishikawa-Diagram.png" alt="The 6Ms in the Ishikawa Diagram" width="700" height="400" srcset="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/The-6Ms-in-the-Ishikawa-Diagram.png 700w, https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/The-6Ms-in-the-Ishikawa-Diagram-300x171.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></p>
<h2><b><a id="The-Process-to-Make-an-Ishikawa-Diagram"></a>The Process to Make an Ishikawa Diagram</b></h2>
<p>When generating an Ishikawa diagram, there are a few steps to follow:</p>
<h3>Step 1: Define the Problem</h3>
<p>Start by clearly defining the problem you are trying to address using your fishbone diagram. It could be a <a href="https://www.edapp.com/course/quality-control/">quality</a> issue, employee dissatisfaction, or any other issue that you want to understand and improve. You can use paper checklists or spreadsheets to define the problems or use specific tools such as <a href="https://safetyculture.com/platform/">SafetyCulture (formerly iAuditor)</a> to capture and organize your specified <a href="https://safetyculture.com/issues/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">issues</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Problem Definition Tips:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Be as specific as possible when defining your problem. It will make it easier to identify root causes later on.</li>
<li>Make sure that everyone on your team understands the problem in the same way. Use a problem statement to ensure that everyone is on the same page.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Step 2: Decide on Key Categories of Causes</h3>
<p>Sorting potential causes into different categories makes it easier to identify root causes later on. You can use the 6Ms as a starting point to help you decide on key types.</p>
<h3>Step 3: Identify Possible Causes within Each Category</h3>
<p>Once you have decided on your key categories, you can begin brainstorming possible causes for each one. Consider all of the factors that could affect your process or product and note them down as potential causes. Below is an example of possible causes in each category using the 6Ms (Material, Method, Machine, Measurement, Manpower, and Mother Nature).</p>
<h3>Step 4: Sort and Prioritize Potential Causes</h3>
<p>Once you have a list of possible causes, it is helpful to sort and prioritize them based on their likelihood of being root causes. It will help you focus your efforts on the most likely reasons. There are a few different <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/quality-management-tools/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">quality management tools</a> you can use to sort and prioritize potential causes; some of these include:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>The 5 Whys:</strong> This technique can be used to drill down to the <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/root-cause-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">root cause</a> by asking &#8220;why&#8221; five times.</li>
<li><strong>Pareto Analysis:</strong> This technique can help you prioritize potential causes by identifying the most common ones.</li>
<li><strong>Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)</strong>: This risk analysis tool can help you prioritize possible causes based on their potential impact.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Step 5: Test Potential Causes</h3>
<p>After you have sorted and prioritized your potential causes, it is time to start testing them to see if they are root causes. Trying to find out what might be the possible causes can be done in several ways:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Option A: Process Map<br />
</strong>Branching out from the main problem, you can create a process map to test different potential causes. Using a process map, you can <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/gap-analysis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">identify the gaps</a> in your system that may lead to your problem&#8217;s root cause.</li>
<li><strong>Option B: Brainstorming<br />
</strong>You can also use brainstorming techniques to identify potential solutions that could address the root cause of your problem. It is an excellent way to get input from various team members and stakeholders.</li>
</ul>
<h2><b><a id="Example-of-a-Fishbone-Diagram"></a>Example of a Fishbone Diagram</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Below is an example of a fishbone diagram for a manufacturing company. In this scenario, the company uses the 6Ms to better understand the causes of the problem, which is that a </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">part of the product is in the wrong size.</span></i></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The problem is stated on the right, with possible causes of the problem listed in the ribs under each 6Ms category.</span></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-48705 size-full" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Fishbone-Diagram-Example.png" alt="Fishbone Diagram Example" width="700" height="400" srcset="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Fishbone-Diagram-Example.png 700w, https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Fishbone-Diagram-Example-300x171.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></p>
<h2><b><a id="Easier-Root-Cause-Analysis-for-Remote-Teams"></a>Easier Root Cause Analysis for Remote Teams</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One of the main challenges remote teams face when conducting root cause analysis is coordinating and communicating effectively. It can be difficult, primarily if team members are spread across different time zones.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another challenge is ensuring that tasks or follow-ups are assigned to the correct person or team. In a remote setup, it&#8217;s easy to forget who&#8217;s responsible for what and to track tasks that aren&#8217;t assigned right away. However, there are tools like </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/platform/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">SafetyCulture (formerly iAuditor)</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that can help with this issue.</span></p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create Your Own Root Cause Analysis Template&#8221;]</p>


Ishikawa Diagram: A Guide

gestor de la calidad de la fabricación mediante el diagrama de ishikawa

Ishikawa Diagram

<h2>History of Design of Experiments</h2>
<p>The term &#8220;Design of Experiments,” also known as experimental design, was coined by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s. He used it to describe a method of planning experiments to find the best combination of factors that affect the response or output. It is used to reduce design expenses because analysis of input parameters or factors gives way in identifying waste and which processes can be eliminated. It also helps remove complexities and streamlining the design process for cost management in the manufacturing process.</p>
<p>The key concept behind this methodology is that there is a relationship between the factors affecting the response. <a href="https://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/design-of-experiments-doe/design-experiments-%E2%90%93-primer/" rel="noopener">ISixSigma</a> defined it as determining the &#8220;cause and effect relationships&#8221; of factors. Therefore, a complete experimental plan consists of the combination of factors used to evaluate their effects on the response.</p>
<h2><a id="Components-of-Experimental-Design"></a>Components of Experimental Design</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.moresteam.com/toolbox/design-of-experiments.cfm" rel="noopener">MoreSteam</a> gave a simple illustration to explain the components of the experiment—the three aspects that need to be analyzed in the design experiments—and understanding the meaning of each is crucial in defining DoE.</p>
<div id="attachment_144663" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-144663" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-144663 size-full" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Components-of-Design-of-Experiments-2022.png" alt="Components of Design of Experiments" width="700" height="400" /><p id="caption-attachment-144663" class="wp-caption-text">Cake-baking Process showing the Components of Experimental Design source: MoreSteam</p></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Factors or input parameters</strong> – they can be classified as either controllable or uncontrollable variables.
<ul>
<li><strong>Controllable variables</strong> – pertains to factors that can be modified or changed in an experiment or a process. For example, in the cake-baking process, these factors may include what will be used in baking such as the oven, sugar, flour, and eggs.</li>
<li><strong>Uncontrollable variables</strong> – pertains to factors that cannot be changed. For example, in the cake baking process, this may be the room temperature in the kitchen. They must be recognized to understand how they may affect the response.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Levels or settings of each factor</strong> – they pertain to the quantity or quality that will be used in the experiment. In the cake-baking process example, this includes the oven temperature setting and the quantity of sugar, flour, and eggs.</li>
<li><strong>Responses</strong> – pertains to the outcome of the process that gages the desired effect. In the cake-baking example, the taste, appearance, and consistency of the cake are the responses. They are influenced by the factors and their levels. This is the purpose of experimentation—analyzing each factor to determine which of them provides the best overall outcome or the same quality.</li>
</ul>
<h2><a id="Purpose-of-Experimental-Design"></a>Purpose of Design of Experiments</h2>
<p>Experimental design is not only conducted by scientists or engineers. It can be used by different industries who want to maximize the results they’re getting. DoE is conducted to:</p>
<h3><strong>Compare alternatives</strong></h3>
<p>Conducting experimental design allows you to look at different alternatives. It helps in making an informed decision on what to use or what to change. This methodology can also be used to discover the best combination of alternatives in the experiment.</p>
<h3><strong>Maximize process response</strong></h3>
<p>With DoE, the factors and their levels are checked and see which of them when used are giving the exact quality in the response.</p>
<h3><strong>Reduce variations</strong></h3>
<p>Excess variations in the process are the cause of added expense. It affects the cycle time that causes quality differences. With DoE, factors are identified, responses are interpreted, and waste is eliminated or changed.</p>
<h3><strong>Process Improvement</strong></h3>
<p>Performing a DOE can uncover significant issues that are typically missed when conducting an experiment. These areas will be corrected thus improving the process.</p>
<h3><strong>Evaluate the effect of change/s</strong></h3>
<p>With DoE, you can determine the effects of changes made with the factors and their levels that influences the response.</p>
<h3><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/quality-assurance-and-quality-control/" rel="noopener"><strong>Quality Control</strong></a></h3>
<p>DOE can also help improve manufacturing efficiency by identifying factors that reduce material and energy use, costs, and waiting time. It is also used to test a product or system before releasing it to market.</p>
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<h2><a id="Examples-and-Applications"></a>Examples and Applications of Experimental Design</h2>
<p>Below are some practical applications or examples on where DoE is applied:</p>
<h3><strong>Pharmaceutical Industry</strong></h3>
<p>In the pharmaceutical industry, DOE is most typically used throughout the drug formulation and manufacturing phases. Qualitty is critical for drug products because health and safety of consumers are at risk when a product doesn&#8217;t meet the standards. DoE is used in drug testing, reducing impurities in the process of making drugs, before releasing it for consumer use.</p>
<p>DoE is used especially in drugs that are best delivered via a time-release schedule,. It means that it takes time to dissolve slowly in the body. Because one component of DoE is the settings of factors, performing an experimental runs are applicable here.</p>
<h3><strong>Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry</strong></h3>
<p>FMCG industry is a part of consumer goods industry that includes all the products which are sold to the general public by any means such as retail stores, internet or by phone. These are mostly used by the consumers in their daily life and may include food, drinks, health and hygiene, cosmetics, household appliances, among others. DoE helps in comparing alternatives or options to get the response where price will be cheaper but does not compromise on quality.</p>
<h3><strong>Product Design</strong></h3>
<p>DoE is a useful tool for determining specific factors affecting defect levels in a product, which may be used to improve the design of the product.</p>
<h2><a id="Six-Steps-of-Experimental-Design"></a>6 Steps Design of Experiments</h2>
<p>Standard DoE processes are often structured around seven or fewer steps. The steps in experimental design will take you through the process of determining what is the best response that you could use in your study, workplace, or procedures.</p>
<div id="attachment_144657" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-144657" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-144657 size-full" src="https://wp-website.safetyculture.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/12/Steps-of-Design-of-Experiments-DOE-2022.png" alt="Steps of Design of Experiments (DOE)" width="700" height="400" /><p id="caption-attachment-144657" class="wp-caption-text">Steps of Design of Experiments (DOE). Source: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Rgue-7KDww&amp;ab_channel=JMPSoftware">JMP</a></p></div>
<ol>
<li><strong>Describe</strong> &#8211; this is a critical part wherein you determine what is your goal or what do you want to achieve, which is followed by determining what is your desired response. The first step includes determining your goal, your desired response, and factors.</li>
<li><strong>Specify</strong> – this is the part where you need to specify what variables describe the physical situation, or the factors.</li>
<li><strong>Design</strong> – this is the part where you generate an experimental design model from which you will draw evaluations after run/s or trial/s.</li>
<li><strong>Collect–</strong> this is the part where you execute the design, collect information from the run/s and record the responses that you get.</li>
<li><strong>Fit</strong> – this is the part where you review the responses if it does fit in the generated experimental design model. In some cases, runs should be repeated in order to correct model ambiguity.</li>
<li><strong>Predict</strong>– the last step wherein you predict the results and determine which factor best optimizes the response.</li>
</ol>


What is Design of Experiments (DOE)? Your Method to Optimize Results

Design of Experiments

<h2><strong><a id="What-are-Examples-of-Pyrophoric-Materials"></a>What are Examples of Pyrophoric Materials?</strong></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pyrophoric materials are a subset of reactive materials that ignite spontaneously in the presence of air. The most well-known pyrophoric material is elemental phosphorus, which is used in flares and other incendiary devices. Other examples include:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sulfur</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Selenium</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Arsenic</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Antimony</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bismuth</span></li>
</ul>
<h2><b><a id="What-is-the-Difference-Between-Flammable-and-Pyrophoric"></a>What is the Difference Between Flammable and Pyrophoric?</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Though both may seem rather similar, they have very different properties. To better explain, let&#8217;s first go to flammable materials.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Flammable materials are substances that easily ignite and burn, such as paper, gasoline, or alcohol. Pyrophoric materials, on the other hand, are substances that ignite spontaneously in the presence of air.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Flammable substances carry their own hazards but they are not as dangerous as pyrophoric ones. Flammable objects and materials will ignite when exposed to a spark or flame, while pyrophoric items will burst into flames spontaneously in the presence of oxygen hence why safe handling must be observed due to them being very <a href="https://www.edapp.com/course/hazardous-chemical-spill-prevention-and-control/">hazardous</a>.</span></p>
<h2><b><a id="Which-Metals-are-Pyrophoric"></a>Which Metals are Pyrophoric?</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It may not be common knowledge but there are various types of metals that are pyrophoric. These pyrophoric metals are a special category of metals that have an affinity for oxygen and react violently with air. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These metals have very specific industrial applications where their reactivity is an advantage. Some common pyrophoric metals include:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sodium</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Potassium </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cesium </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Raney nickel </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Zinc dust  </span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Germane </span></li>
</ul>
<h2><b><a id="Are-Pyrophoric-Materials-a-Health-Hazard"></a>Are Pyrophoric Materials a Health Hazard?</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As dangerous as they may seem, pyrophoric materials on their own, and as long as they are properly contained, are not considered to be a health hazard in the sense that they do not release any harmful gases or particles. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is essential to include a </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/fire-safety-plan/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">fire safety plan</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to ensure safety when working with pyrophoric materials so that you can assess any fire risk that can be present with their use in your workplace. </span></p>
<p>[sc_cta title=&#8221;Create your own Fire Safety checklist&#8221; body=&#8221;Build from scratch or choose from our collection of free, ready-to-download, and customizable templates.&#8221; btn_txt=&#8221;Browse Fire Safety checklists&#8221; btn_link=&#8221;https://safetyculture.com/checklists/fire-safety-checklists/&#8221;]</p>
<h2><b><a id="What-Causes-the-Spontaneous-Combustion-of-Pyrophoric-Materials"></a>What Causes the Spontaneous Combustion of Pyrophoric Materials?</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pyrophoricity is caused by a material that reacts with oxygen to form an oxide. The oxide is unstable and reacts violently with water to produce heat and hydrogen gas.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">To further explain, a material that is pyrophoric will spontaneously ignite in the presence of oxygen. The heat generated from the oxidation reaction is intense enough to cause the gasification of the surrounding water, leading to an extremely energetic and dangerous ignition.</span></p>
<h2><b><a id="Controlling-the-Hazards-of-Pyrophoric-Materials"></a>Controlling the Hazards of Pyrophoric Materials</b></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Remember that pyrophoric materials are very unpredictable so it is essential to always take proper safety precautions to control the hazards they may cause and </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-hazards/most-common-unsafe-work-practices-to-avoid/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">avoid contributing to unsafe work practices</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Below are some tips that can help:</span></p>
<h3>1. Observe Safety Moments</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Set aside time each day to observe </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/toolbox-topics/safety-moments/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">safety moments</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to discuss any potential fire hazards that can cause it to ignite suddenly. Always keep in mind that preparedness is the key to a safe work environment. </span></p>
<h3>2. Use and Store Appropriately</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pyrophoric materials should always be used and stored in appropriate containers and storage areas following safety guidelines.</span></p>
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<h3>3. Understand Hazard Control Measures</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Be sure you understand the </span><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/workplace-hazards/5-hazard-control-measures/" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">hazard control measures</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> for pyrophoric materials. There are specific, recommended procedures for how to handle and store these materials safely.</span></p>
<h3>4. Observe Proper Waste Disposal</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Make sure to properly dispose of any pyrophoric materials. Do not contaminate bodies of water or the environment with these types of materials. </span></p>
<h3>5. Wear Personal Protective Equipment</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is key in preventing any injuries while working with pyrophoric materials. This includes items such as <a href="https://www.edapp.com/course/chemical-storage-and-handling/">chemical</a>-resistant gloves, lab coats, masks, and goggles.</span></p>


What is Pyrophoric?: An Introduction

étiquette pyrophorique sur bouteille en verre

Chemical Safety

Pyrophoric

<h2>Importance of Conducting Electrical Maintenance</h2>
<p>Electrical maintenance is important for both businesses and homeowners, as it helps to ensure the safety of employees and residents and prevents expensive equipment repairs or replacements. Regular maintenance helps identify and fix minor issues before they become costly repairs, reduces energy consumption, and ensures compliance with safety regulations, ultimately protecting lives, property, and investments while supporting uninterrupted operations in homes and businesses.</p>
<p>The maintenance of electrical equipment is usually conducted by electricians and maintenance personnel who are knowledgeable in the maintenance process. They also typically follow or use an <a href="https://public-library.safetyculture.io/products/electrical-maintenance-checklist" rel="noopener">electrical maintenance checklist</a>. To ensure a safe work environment during maintenance, the implementation of <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/electrical-hazards/10-electrical-safety-rules/" rel="noopener">electrical safety rules</a> must always be followed by the personnel in their work area.</p>
<h2><strong>What is the Meaning of Electrical Installation and Maintenance?</strong></h2>
<p>To put it simply, electrical installation and maintenance is the process of installing and maintaining electrical systems and equipment. It may include tasks such as installing wiring, repairing or replacing damaged equipment, and inspecting electrical systems for safety.</p>
<p>With installation, correctly installing electrical systems is vital to ensure the safety of those working with or near the equipment and to prevent any damaging <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/electrical-hazards/electrical-fire/">electrical fires</a>.</p>
<p>Maintenance is equally important, as it helps to keep equipment running safely and efficiently. By inspecting electrical systems regularly and making any necessary repairs, potential <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/electrical-hazards/" rel="noopener">electrical hazards</a> can be addressed before they become more serious.</p>
<h2><strong>Who Can Do Electrical Maintenance?</strong></h2>
<p>Electrical maintenance can be hazardous work, which is why it is essential for those who undertake it to be fully <a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/electrical-maintenance/electrical-maintenance-training/">trained</a> and qualified. Some of the responsibilities of those who carry out electrical maintenance include inspecting and testing equipment, fixing faulty wiring and components, replacing worn parts, and maintaining records of all work carried out.</p>
<p>To be thorough with the inspection, professionals can use an <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/electrical-maintenance/" rel="noopener">electrical maintenance checklist</a> when doing their usual routine. They can also use an <a href="https://public-library.safetyculture.io/products/electrical-safety-inspection-report" rel="noopener">electrical safety inspection report checklist </a>as a template to determine whether proper electrical safety measures are being applied.</p>
<p>In relation to this, utilizing a <a href="https://safetyculture.com/app/records-management-software/">records management software</a> that keeps all the inspections and data in one safe place, is ideal.</p>
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<h2><strong>Electrical Maintenance Tips</strong></h2>
<p><a href="https://safetyculture.com/topics/electrical-safety/">Electrical safety</a> is always essential, especially for those who are often exposed to electrical shock. Here are some useful tips to ensure safety and efficiency when working with electrical equipment:</p>
<p><strong>Use proper safety equipment</strong><strong><br />
</strong>Remember, safety first! Make sure you are wearing the necessary electrical safety gear when working with or around electrical equipment. This includes, but is not limited to:</p>
<ul>
<li aria-level="1">Insulated Gloves</li>
<li aria-level="1">Hard Hat</li>
<li aria-level="1">Goggles</li>
<li aria-level="1">Insulated Matting</li>
<li aria-level="1">Safety Boots</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Shut off power</strong><strong><br />
</strong>Whenever possible, shut off power to the affected area before beginning any work. This can help reduce the risk of electrical shock. Also, make sure to inspect first, before handling all electrical equipment to avoid potential shock (e.g. exposed live wires).</p>
<p><strong>Beware of standing water</strong><strong><br />
</strong>Standing water may seem harmless, but it can be extremely fatal when not noticed, as it can cause severe electric shock when in contact with electricity. Examples of standing water include puddles, rainwater, etc.<br />
Always be aware of potential standing water in the area where you are working.  Make sure your work area is dry or away from any wet places.</p>
<p><strong>Inspect electrical equipment for damage</strong><strong><br />
</strong>Before beginning any maintenance, inspect for any frayed wires, broken insulation, and other signs of damage. Do not use equipment that is damaged to avoid potential hazards that can be harmful to your safety.</p>
<p><strong>Schedule periodic inspections</strong><strong><br />
</strong>Regular inspection of electrical systems allows you to find and fix any potential problems before they turn into bigger, more expensive issues.<br />
To make inspection easier, you can use an <a href="https://safetyculture.com/checklists/electrical-maintenance/">electrical maintenance checklist</a> or a tool like <a href="https://safetyculture.com/platform/">SafetyCulture</a> to make inspection easy and organized.</p>
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Guide to Electrical Maintenance

técnico de mantenimiento eléctrico que utiliza iAuditor

Equipment Maintenance

Electrical Maintenance

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