What are Safety Metrics?
Safety metrics are quantitative and qualitative indicators that measure, monitor, and evaluate the organization’s overall safety performance. These provide insights into the effectiveness of the safety programs, the frequency of workplace incidents, and the advancement of safety culture within the company.
The metrics can be broadly categorized into two types. The first is leading indicators or proactive and preventive measures that predict and reduce the likelihood of accidents. The second is lagging indicators or reactive measures that document negative outcomes from safety incidents.
Brief History
The origins of safety principles can be traced back to ancient civilizations. The Code of Hammurabi, written in 1700 BC, held employers accountable for unsafe working conditions and penalized workers who caused accidents.
But what transformed safety standards and practices was the Industrial Revolution. As industries expanded, accident rates surged. This led to the establishment of agencies overseeing Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) regulations.
The concept of safety performance has continued to evolve with societal changes, technological advancements, and regulatory developments. Organizations must be ready to adapt so they can safeguard their workers effectively.
Benefits
Safety performance metrics are crucial in high-risk industries, such as manufacturing, construction, mining, and oil and gas. However, any organization that prioritizes employee well-being and operational efficiency can gain the following benefits:
- Improved employee morale – Employees feel valued and cared for when the organization prioritizes their safety. Without anxiety and stress, workers can contribute better to reaching their company’s goals.
- Increased cost savings – Strong safety records mean lower insurance premiums. More importantly, effective measures minimize accidents that lead to worker’s compensation, hospitalization, and possible legal liabilities.
- Enhanced regulatory compliance – Careful hazard management helps organizations adhere to industry standards and avoid costly fines. Compliance also helps them maintain a positive public image, making them more appealing to the general public.
Most Common Examples
From manufacturing and construction to healthcare and transportation, safety management metrics play a crucial role in ensuring a safe and healthy workplace. Here are ten safety metrics examples applicable to any company:
1. Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR)
TRIR is a key lagging indicator of overall workplace safety that measures the number of recordable workplace incidents per 100 full-time employees over a given period, usually a year. A lower grade suggests a safer work environment while a higher score indicates recurring safety issues. This is an example of an OSHA safety metrics formula:
TRIR = (Total Number of Recordable Incidents) / (Total Hours Worked by All Employees) x 200,000
2. Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR)
LTIFR, a critical indicator of safety performance and operational efficiency, measures the number of injuries resulting in lost work time per million hours worked. This focuses specifically on incidents that lead to employees missing work.
LTIFR = (Number of Lost Time Injuries) / (Total Hours Worked) x 1,000,000
3. Near-Miss Reporting Rate
A leading indicator, this tracks the number of near-miss events reported over a specific period. A high rating reflects a proactive safety culture, indicating that employees are vigilant and report potential hazards before they result in an actual incident. The success of this standard relies on companies encouraging their workers to report near-misses without fear of reprisal.
Near-Miss Reporting Rate = (Number of Near Misses) / (Total Hours Worked) x Constant*
*The constant can be changed, depending on the region. For the US, it is 200,000. For the UK, it is 1,000,000.
4. Employee Safety Training Completion Rate
Safety training is essential as it ascertains that employees understand workplace hazards, know how to prevent accidents, and can report incidents accurately. This metric measures the percentage of employees who have completed mandatory training within a specified period.
Training Completion Rate = Number of Trained Employees / Number of Employees Required
5. Safety Audit Compliance Rate
Regular safety audits confirm the organization’s capability to follow established safety regulations and best practices. High compliance rates indicate a well-managed safety program.
The metric is calculated by comparing the number of safety audit findings resolved with the total findings. It can also be determined by assessing the percentage of checklist items that meet compliance standards.
Create your own Safety Audit checklist
6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Usage Rate
PPE is a crucial defense against many workplace hazards, particularly in high-risk industries such as chemical manufacturing, construction, and healthcare. The metric tracks how consistently employees use the required protective equipment and gear in the workplace.
Monitoring PPE usage can involve direct observation, inventory management, or employee self-reporting. This can be expressed as a percentage of compliance during random health and safety checks.
Improve your EHS Management
7. First Aid Case Rate
This metric measures the number of minor injuries requiring first aid treatment per number of hours worked. Unlike incidents covered by TRIR and LTIFR, these injuries don’t involve lost time or advanced medical treatment. A leading indicator, this can help organizations address safety issues before they escalate into more serious injuries.
First Aid Case Rate = (First Aid Cases) / (Total Hours Worked) x 200,000
8. Average Time to Incident Resolution
The quicker incidents are resolved, the faster organizations can prevent similar occurrences in the future. This metric tracks the time it takes to investigate, resolve, and implement corrective actions. Shorter resolution times suggest a proactive safety response.
Average Time to Incident Score = Total Number of Days for Resolution / Number of Incidents Within a Period
9. Employee Safety Perception Survey Scores
Employee feedback is a leading indicator that reveals how the workforce perceives the effectiveness of the organization’s Safety Management System. This rating system involves surveying the perception of the organization’s workplace culture, management commitment to safety, and confidence in safety practices.
The scores are typically gathered via anonymous surveys, with questions focused on areas such as trust in safety management, clarity of procedures, and overall satisfaction.
10. Equipment Maintenance Compliance Rate
Regular equipment maintenance is vital for safe operation. High compliance ensures that machines run efficiently, minimizing downtime and potential hazards. This metric tracks how well an organization adheres to scheduled maintenance protocols, particularly for safety-critical equipment.
Maintenance Compliance Rate = Number of Completed Maintenance Tasks / Total Number Required
Best Practices in Implementing Safety Metrics
Meticulously evaluating safety metrics is crucial for organizations seeking to safeguard their workforce and optimize their operations. By consistently monitoring Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) companies can effectively identify hazards, track improvements, and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. Here are some best practices to consider:
- Identify the most relevant and meaningful metrics, considering leading and lagging indicators, to gain actionable insights that help prevent future incidents.
- Establish clear data collection methods and leverage automation, where possible, to increase data accuracy and consistency.
- Communicate metrics clearly at all levels of the organization. Management buy-in is vital so that the metrics align with business goals. Employee engagement is equally crucial because motivated employees promptly report hazards and near misses.
- Periodically review the effectiveness of the metrics and adjust them based on changing work conditions or emerging risks.
- Incorporate safety metrics into business strategy, resource allocation, and operational decision-making.
Eunice Arcilla Caburao
