What is a Factory Acceptance Test and Why Do You Need One?

FATs are typically conducted at the manufacturer’s site but can also be conducted at the customer’s site if necessary. It aims to identify any potential problems with the equipment or system before it is installed so that these problems can be addressed before the equipment is put into service.

Purpose

The purpose of FATs is to ensure that the system meets all of the specified requirements and is ready for final installation and operational testing.

The FAT is an essential step in the process of commissioning a new factory or industrial plant. This test is used to ensure that the equipment and systems in the factory meet the required specifications and standards. It is usually performed by the manufacturer of the equipment, but it can also be done by an independent third party.

The FAT is important because it helps ensure that the equipment in the factory will work properly and safely. This test can also help identify any potential problems with the equipment or systems before they are put into operation.

Benefits

There are many benefits of factory acceptance testing, including:

• Allowing the customer to see the equipment in action
• Ensuring that the equipment meets the customer’s needs
• Identifying any problems with the equipment before it is installed at the customer’s site
• Avoiding costly mistakes and delays
• Reducing the risk of unexpected problems or issues

The main benefits of FAT testing are that it offers peace of mind to the buyer that the equipment will meet their expectations and allows any issues to be identified and rectified before the equipment is delivered. This can save considerable amounts of time and money, as correcting problems after delivery can be much more costly and difficult.

3 Factory Acceptance Test Protocols

The test protocols for a FAT must be carefully planned and documented to ensure that all relevant aspects of the system are tested.

Below are the three test protocols to follow to have a successful test:

1. Planning

The first stage of a Factory Acceptance Test protocol is planning by establishing what needs to be tested and how it will be tested. The manufacturer, specifically the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), outlines the initial scope of the FAT during the customer’s bidding phase.

The plan, which encompasses all applicable customer specifications, standards, and drawings, is written to help establish the acceptability and credibility of the equipment being supplied. By communicating the scope of the FAT to the customer at the outset, all expectations and requirements can be met.

2. Documentation

Next is documentation, wherein a set of reference documents will be compiled as reference. Some of these documents include:

• Applicable codes or references
• Checklists and procedures specific to the FAT
• Calibrations and certifications as required by contract
• Customer scope and specifications
• Drawings (General Arrangement, Piping & Instrumentation Diagram, etc.)
• Datasheets
• Inspection Test Plan (ITP)

These documents are then reviewed by the manufacturer or OEM to check if the supplied equipment meets the designs required by the customer prior to the FAT.

3. Testing

This is where the testing proper happens, in which the following must be achieved:

• Follow and connect the ITP and FAT procedure
• Take, record, and submit raw data to the customer
• Review the drawings and designs together with the customer or representative
• Review the Non-Destructive Examination (NDE), coating, and storage procedures

The 6 Stages of the Acceptance Test

There are different names, styles, and formats for acceptance tests, but in the end, the term “Final Acceptance” is meant to achieve one specific goal—a validation that the system works how, when, and where it was designed.

Below are the stages that must be taken to achieve the Final Acceptance:

• Stage 1: Factory Acceptance Test – Also known as “box testing,” this test is performed on each piece of equipment or system at the location of the manufacturer where it’s built.
• Stage 2: Customer Acceptance Test – CAT showcases the system’s features, how it functions, and failure scenarios in a controlled environment.
• Stage 3: Site Acceptance Test – Also called “Power Up” or “Cold Start” tests, these tests prove that all equipment at one site powers up and works as anticipated.
• Stage 4: Coverage Verification Test – CVT records and evaluates actual Radio Frequency (RF) transmission performance against the area performance and coverage guarantees specified in the system design and agreed upon in the contract.
• Stage 5: Final System Acceptance Test – This test is carried out to demonstrate system features, functions, and failure scenarios in the system’s final configuration.
• Stage 6: Burn In Period – Also known as the “14-day” or “30-day” test, it is the start of the timeframe during which customers can use the equipment and identify any problems.

Tips to Effectively Implement a Factory Acceptance Test

So how do you go about effectively implementing a FAT? Here are a few tips:

• Make sure that you have a clear and concise plan for the test. This should include all of the objectives that you want to achieve.
• Work with the factory to ensure they understand the requirements for the test.
• Make sure you have enough people on your team to perform the test.
• Allow adequate time for the test to be performed.
• Finally, use a Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) checklist to keep your projects on track and within their budget. 

Conducting Factory Acceptance Tests Using SafetyCulture (formerly iAuditor)