A Brief Guide to PPE for Embalming

Importance of Wearing PPE for Embalming

​​The embalming procedure involves potential exposure to a variety of harmful agents. So wearing PPEs is crucial for protection against biological hazards and chemical exposure during the embalming process. Embalmers are prone to hazards and risks such as:

• infectious diseases, including bloodborne pathogens and airborne contaminants; and
• chemical exposure, as embalming fluids contain formaldehyde, which can cause respiratory issues, skin issues, and eye irritation.

Wearing the right PPE helps reduce the long-term health risks that can result from repeated exposure to both biological and chemical agents. Embalmers should be equipped with the proper PPE not only to comply with health and safety regulations but also promote workplace safety.

Types of Embalming PPE

The most commonly utilized  PPEs for embalming procedures are the following:

Gowns and Aprons

A gown or apron protects the body from exposure to bodily fluids and chemicals such as formaldehyde. These should be water-resistant or impermeable, covering the torso from neck to knees and wrapping around the back. It should also be easily fastened securely at the neck and waist and fitted properly to prevent any possible splashes from hitting the person suddenly.

Gloves

Gloves prevent direct contact with potentially harmful substances, especially when handling human remains. These are typically made of nitrile, non-sterile, and powder-free. The gloves should ideally reach mid-forearm and be compliant with safety standards such as EN 455 or ASTM D631945.

Shoe Covers

Shoes add an extra layer of footwear protection in addition to other bodily PPE. For embalmers, these usually covers the entire shoe and extends above the ankles, made from a material similar to that of the gown for compatibility. Some hazards shoes can help against are splashes from embalming chemicals and wet spots on the floor.

Eye Protection Gears

Face shields and goggles can help protect eyes from hazardous splashes and airborne pathogens. Typically, the eye protection gear embalmers use fit well, provide a good seal, and are fog-resistant. Face shields must cover the entire face and provide visibility while being adjustable for a secure fit.

Masks and Respirators

Masks and respirators protect the user from inhaling harmful particles during the embalming process. These are commonly multiple-layered medical masks for droplet protection. One such mask typically used in the death care industry is the N95 respirator, which provides higher filtration efficiency against airborne particles.

Additional Safety Precautions

PPE work best when paired with the right safety procedures. Their efficacy is highlighted when proper precautions are followed, ensuring not only the safety of embalmers, but also the condition of the PPEs in use.

Some additional safety precautions to keep in mind to ensure embalming PPE work as intended are the following:

1. Choose the Proper PPE Beforehand: Choose the appropriate PPE for the task at hand, and conduct seal checks and proper fit before use. Donning and doffing should be practiced, including wearing gloves first and removing them last.
2. Practice Proper Hand Hygiene: Ensure that hands do not come into contact with the face, especially the eyes, mouth, and nose, while wearing contaminated gloves. After, clean hand PPE after user or dispose as necessary, and immediately wash bare hands after removing PPE with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.
3. Implement Environmental Monitoring Controls: Exhaust systems should effectively draw contaminants away from the worker’s breathing zone. Utilizing sensors that can monitor formaldehyde in the air also helps, as they can alert users of exposure.
4. Follow the Right Handling Procedures: Follow and comply with safety procedures during all embalming procedures, from handling to clean up, to ensure operational efficiency and occupational safety. Prohibit eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where embalming chemicals are used to prevent ingestion of harmful substances.